Human nature as reflected in Macbeth Essay

Human instinct has started a lot of discussion from the beginning of time. A few people imagine that human instinct during childbirth is totally acceptable and that every single fiendishness originate from postnatal training or the contrary impacts of parental or watchman cooperation. This thought is clear in a Chinese saying which deciphers as â€Å"Men at their introduction to the world are normally good.† Conversely a few people contend that human instinct is at first shrewd, and give a model by refering to the perception that when an individual is youthful, the individual consistently and just requests food and is apathetic regarding the sentiments of others. Such a view deciphers this wonder to demonstrate that human instinct is initially narrow minded. It appears to be evident that Shakespeare may have supported the second point of view on the grounds that in Macbeth it plainly shows that human instinct is childish, and despite the fact that postnatal instruction can change a human’s mind, it can just lessen or shroud their narrow minded nature somewhat, and also, the egotistical nature will probably be available when it is enacted or prodded by specific conditions. My thought regarding human instinct is reflected in Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, who at first is a devoted general to his ruler, Duncan, and valiantly secures his lord and nation additionally demonstrating honorability and little sign of his darker side. In Act 1 Scene 2, unmistakably Macbeth was a valiant officer who disregarded the risk he was in, â€Å"[f]or fearless Macbeth abhorring Fortune, with his displayed steel, which smoked with grisly execution, as valour’s crony, cut out his section till he faced† the dissident chief. Macbeth’s brave deed shows that he was faithful to his nation and the ruler who considers him a â€Å"peerless kinsman† and seems to confide in Macbeth. In any case, in the wake of meeting three witches, Macbeth considers killing Duncan in spite of the fact that he ponders to himself why he has deadly considerations. Regardless of his previous amazement about his considerations when he is told by the witches that he will become ruler Macbeth, provoked by his wife’s support and furthermore her scorn at what she calls his weakness, his â€Å"brain sickliness† when he further dithers choose to kill Duncan. On apprehensions he again dithers and nearly persuades himself that he ought not kill the ruler with different reasons: one of them was that Macbeth was Duncan’s brother and furthermore his subject, so Macbeth ought to consistently attempt to secure the lord as he states: â€Å"First, as I am his brother and his subject, Strong both against the deed†.(Act 1 Sc, 7) Before Macbeth’s want of seeking after authority got wild, Macbeth was all the while attempting to limit himself from submitting the deed and chooses to stay steadfast expressing that his solitary motivation to execute Duncan was to satisfy his aspiration. Shakespeare doesn't tell crowds where Macbeth’s faithfulness began. Be that as it may, in Act 1 Scene 6, Macbeth continually offers his thanks to Duncan which demonstrates his gratefulness for the new title of Thane of Cawdor which the lord gave him, and the respect he accomplished when Duncan went to his château. It is apparent that despite the fact that these articulations were Macbeth’s veil to shroud his genuine arrangement, Macbeth despite everything delayed before he did the homicide. It speaks to that he was to some degree hesitant to murder the lord and his steadfastness was from a significant awareness of other's expectations. In any case, the nearness of three witches and their expectations prodded his narrow minded nature alongside the analysis of his significant other three witches said that Macbeth would be Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and ruler bit by bit. In Act 1 Scene 3, directly after the initial two forecasts truly materialized, Macbeth expressed to himself, â€Å"If great, for what reason do I respect that recommendation whose ghastly picture doth unfix my hair and make my situated heart thump at my ribs, against the utilization of nature?† This citation outlines that the homicide plan of Duncan had just settled in Macbeth’s cerebrum. He didn't do the homicide quickly on the grounds that he despite everything required a further spike to make him put his arrangements into activities. At the point when Lady Macbeth convinced Macbeth to murder the lord, Macbeth couldn't avoid the craving to seek after the authority and the incredible force he might want to get; therefore. Macbeth slaughtered the ruler and got the majesty. For persuading Macbeth, Lady Macbeth for the most part utilized feeling to start Macbeth’s confidence, his certainty and his outrage. As a matter of first importance, she expressed that if Macbeth didn't set out to do the homicide, he was a creature however not a man. She likewise said that when Macbeth set out to do it, he was a man; on the off chance that he went above and beyond by doing what he set out to do previously, he would be considerably more than a man; â€Å"What mammoth was ’t, at that point, that made you break this venture to me? At the point when you durst do it, at that point you were a man; and to be more than what you were, you would be a lot more the man.† These words truly caused Macbeth to feel disgrace, and outrage, and furthermore the longing to give himself that he was a genuine man was provoked by his greedy, pretentious egotistical nature. Without human rationale, individuals, including Macbeth, think that its a lot simpler to do some silly things, for example, murder. Furthermore, Macbeth had the craving to be top dog, however he despite everything stressed over his future life after the homicide in any event, when his wants were satisfied. Woman Macbeth disclosed to her better half that the homicide would not be a disappointment in the event that he set out to do it remarking â€Å"We fall flat? In any case, screw your mental fortitude to the staying place, and we’ll not fail.† This was an assurance of accomplishment for Macbeth; it really diminished Macbeth’s worry ab out his future life after the homicide. Woman Macbeth’s enticing words are viewed as the situation that initiated the narrow minded and wickedness part in Macbeth’s mind. As of now, Macbeth truly altered his perspective and the malevolent part in his cerebrum emerged to be sure. In the â€Å"dagger soliloquy†, Macbeth saw a knife, which was driving him towards Duncan’s room before him. He said â€Å"Come, let me grasp thee. I have thee not, but then I see thee still†; this part tells the crowd that Macbeth was not 100% prepared to execute but rather his brain had just included the deed. Toward the finish of this scene, Macbeth at long last â€Å"screwed his boldness to the adhering point† and chose to do the homicide as he expressed to himself â€Å"I go, and it is finished. The chime welcomes me. Hear it not Duncan, for it is a chime that summons thee to paradise or the hell.† In Macbeth’s’ mind, to challenge the majesty was a higher priority than all else as of now. His narrow minded nature was sufficiently uncovered by his homicide plan for Duncan; be that as it may, it was just the initial step in light of the fact that to support his standard, he was going to slaughter others despite the fact that they were his companions since he was so unequivocally greedy got shrewd enough to kill any individual who remained in his was.. After Macbeth recognized that his own youngsters would not be the ruler, yet rather, Banquo’s relatives would become rulers, this issue turned into the most basic one in his cerebrum. Accordingly, rather than being kind to his old companion, Macbeth instructed three killers to slaughter Banquo and Banquo’s child, Fleance, as they came back to the manor. Therefore, three killers executed Banquo, however Fleance got away. This foul and awful deed appeared to be very usefulâ for Macbeth to continue his standard over Scotland. Meanwhile, Macbeth’s narrow minded nature was unmistakably obvious and he accepted the witches prescience that nobody could execute him who â€Å"was of lady born† which made him certain he could remain in charge. His egotistical, selfâ€seeking nature was at a pinnacle, and he even appeared to be apathetic regarding his wife’s demise. Be that as it may, things will create to the contrary side when it gets outrageous. In Act 3 Scene 4, Macbeth began to see fantasies of Banquo during the dining experience, which alludes that Macbeth was compromised by his own deed that caused him to feel blameworthy and upset. Later on, toward the finish of this play, Lady Macbeth likewise became insane in light of the fact that the individuals saw that she sleepwalked with a flame and saw all the awful deeds she had done. Along these lines, unmistakably when an individual has extraordinary and wild self-centeredness, it additionally carries pretty much catastrophes to himself. All in all, Macbeth’s changing procedure adequately demonstrates that human instinct is childish and at times underhanded; it can just cover up in human’s mind however can never be entirely dispensed with. Likewise, in certain conditions, this sort of narrow minded nature can be reviewed and make some awful outcomes. Developmental hypothesis shows that we have started from crude living beings that likewise delivered dinosaurs and crocodiles. As the posterity of such wicked progenitors, we have their qualities and our bleeding nature is even past theirs. Macbeth’s covetous and egotistical nature was initiated by his significant other and the witches; at that point he made calamity to other people and furthermore to himself. As astute creatures, we ought to limit our narrow minded nature and control ourselves; else, we will keep on making disasters of death and demolition to fulfill ourselves.

Failure of Real-Time Online Facility Assignment

Disappointment of Real-Time Online Facility - Assignment Example These significant changes and other huge measures require a total commitment and ideal devotion from the administration, managerial division and especially the Information Technology office to balance out the presentation of our online school and take our pride from great to best in the online school (Linda 1995). Everyone was acknowledging and lauding the exhibition of our online school before the headway of innovation presented by our one of the nearest rival in the online school segment. Since the time this improvement has been introduced by the contending firm, a precarious decrease has been seen in the size and size of the piece of the pie of our online school. Benefits have stuck some place, bringing from 8% down to 5.5%. Workforce turnover proportion has expanded significantly from 4% per annum to some degree 16% annum. Expanded client objections got over 6% from the past period. Things are pointing a significant issue in our procedures and requesting a noteworthy answer for conquer that issue. What really is that issue? How is it demonstrating its impacts and suggestions on the administration and different branches of the business? What are the potential solutions for salvage? What might be the results of this activity decisive victory? Who is going to pick up and who will lose? These every single basic inquiry will be tested in the accompanying conversation. Since the initiation, the fundamental focal point of our online school has stayed on giving the training to our understudies in a for all intents and purposes â€Å"real-time† online condition. Understudies constantly preferred and esteemed this system of educating as it gave them the center advantages that they constantly required. This procedure furnished the understudies with a chance to cooperate with their guides and tutors live on our online web-based interface, bunch gathering and other live talk and conversation stages. This helped the understudies in handling with their examination educational program related issues with their coaches and offer their issues in an internet gushing meeting directed by means of our live online interface.

Beginners Guide to Campus Recruiting

Beginners Guide to Campus Recruiting The fight for top talent is heating up and recruiters are becoming increasingly focused on catching the top talent as early as possible. This means organizations must hone their campus recruitment strategies to stay ahead of competition. This guide will explain to you 1)  what campus recruitment is about. We’ll explore the 2)  best practices of campus recruiting as well as share 3)  insight into the key strategies you should be using.WHY IS CAMPUS RECRUITING IMPORTANT?Campus recruiting is becoming an increasingly important strategy for organizations, as the competition to find the top talent increases. Consider, for example, the fact that in the US, college students amounted to 21 million in 2015. This is above two times to levels in 2000. Furthermore, the number of college students could increase by 500,000 annually in the next few years.Reaching out to the best students within this crowd will be important. Recruitment has become slightly easier with technology, but technology has also made it easier for candidates to share experiences. The power to choose has moved slightly to the candidate, which means an organization must reach out to these graduates as early as possible. Creating a positive impact from an earl y on can increase the organizations chances over other competitors.Learn about the key trends in campus recruiting.[slideshare id=49273201doc=webinartop10trendsincampusrecruitingv5-150611145124-lva1-app6891w=640h=330]The job requirements, as well as demographics are also changing. Jobs are becoming increasingly specialized and more jobs require academic qualifications. To find the right person’s for organizations demanding roles, businesses must be tapping into campuses for talent. The specialization also means many current positions are better learnt on the role, meaning businesses would want a fresh talent, with the ability to learn on-the-go for these roles â€" the perfect option is a graduate.The earlier the organization can discover emerging talent the better. By creating strong links with the career services and student unions, organizations can learn more about the future talent and the future demand. After all, the campuses are the places for the influencers of the future. Gaining access to these future influencers can help a company stay on top of the trends and adjust to the future demands.Naturally, a strong presence on a campus can also be an important part of strengthening your brand image. It gives you the opportunity to network among the students and craft a positive image of the organization. Being involved in the university creates a positive image and tells the student you care about the community. This can be an essential factor for students when they start picking internship placements or future careers.In terms of the demographics, the fight for top young talent is also increasing, as many countries are experiencing a drop in younger generations. The birth rates in many Western countries mean organizations won’t have the same kind of talent pool available than in the previous few decades.The above, together with the fact that today’s young people expect different things from the future employers, mean campus recruiting should be some thing organizations take seriously.Below is an interesting video of campus recruitment at RBC University: BEST PRACTICES OF CAMPUS RECRUITMENTSince students’ expectations have shifted, organizations must implement certain changes to their approach in order to improve their campus recruitment. Below are some of the best practices your organization should keep in mind when devising a recruitment strategy.Have realistic campus recruitment goalsIt’s important your organization doesn’t just set up a presence on a campus and hope for the best. Campus recruitment won’t be a success unless you define goals that can be measured to determine whether your approach is working or not.Recruitment goals will equip you with more focus in terms or strategy development. You’ll be able to direct attention to the sectors that work the best and adjust your plan accordingly.Ensure the goals you set are realistic. This means that you must base the goals on supply, demand and other related statis tics. You shouldn’t, therefore, set just a number of recruits you want without basing them on facts.You should understand the graduate pool you are working with through:Examination of the potential candidatesUnderstanding the competition you have for attracting these candidatesThe strengths of the particular campus (in terms of skill set, for instance) and the weaknesses of the campus (lower diversity levels, for example)You then need to measure your goals. It’s auspicious to consider the following factors when measuring the effectiveness and appropriateness of your strategy and goals:The number of hires you are making on campusThe rate of interview to offerThe rate of offer to acceptanceThe retention rates of the hiresIf you start experiencing problems in any of the areas, you should examine your strategy and see what changes can be made.Learn more about campus recruiting metrics in this presentation.[slideshare id=51774225doc=abcwebinarforslideshare-150818165441-lva1-app6892w= 640h=330]Find the target campusesWith the above in mind, it’s important to understand that not all campuses and institutions are alike. Certain campuses might be more suited to your organization.Overall, since you most likely won’t have the resources to be present properly in every campus of your county, you should focus your efforts on the best options for your organization.When considering the target schools you should focus on, consider the following points:The quality of the school and the course â€" Look at the overall quality of the university and focus more specifically on the quality of the courses that are most important for your organization.The experience and contacts you might already have with the institution â€" If you already have good links to certain institutions, these could work in your favor.The location of the school â€" This can be more crucial for specific businesses, but you should always consider it. For example, if your operations are based on the other side of the country, certain candidates might be put off by this fact (due to family reasons, etc.).Overall, the key is to focus on your organizational needs when examining institutions rather than the country ‘rankings’. The highest ranked schools might not always be the best choices for your business. You should be especially wary of the overall rankings, as certain institutions might be at the top in a specific area while ranking low in the overall list.Maintain proper campus relationshipsThe key to successful campus recruiting lies in focusing in long-term relationship with the institution, instead of short-term results. Creating a successful campus recruitment campaign won’t happen overnight, so you’ll need to be patient.You definitely want to start by fostering a relationship with the school’s career centre. Don’t stay in touch with them only when there’s campus recruitment fair or other such occasion, but have regular communications with the team. Don’t only focus on what they can do for you, but what your organization can do for them.Once you’ve started building a strong relationship with the career centre, you want to use the connection to reach out to other members within the institution. You should start nurturing relationship with the faculty you are most interested in, together with its administrators.Overall, try to become active in different campus activities, even when they aren’t directly associated with recruitment. For example, find student groups, which are related to your field of work and offer sponsorship programs for their activities and events. This is a good way of creating a positive brand image on campus.In addition, you also want to support the university’s research. You could offer students the opportunity to write their thesis with your company or provide access for researchers to your data.You can do the following branding measures to be present on campus.[slideshare id=37335836doc=copyofmakeyourbrandmemor ablewithon-campusevents2-140724162813-phpapp02w=640h=330]Craft a clear messageFinally, it’s important you focus on creating a clear message. You want students to be able to understand immediately what your business is about and what are the things you are offering them.Furthermore, you should clearly outline the recruitment process your company uses and the different application routes, as well as required skills, for example.In order to ensure your message is clear, you should focus on both the staff and the students. You want both of these groups to be on top of the situation, especially in terms of finding more information or contacting your company directly.A number of companies make the mistake of thinking campus representatives can be almost anyone within the organization, but you shouldn’t make this mistake. It’s important to ensure your campus representative knows everything about your business, its recruitment strategy and the institution in question.One of the ways y ou can enhance the chances of improving your message’s clarity is by increasing your organizations status on campus. Participate in campus activities whenever possible and provide clear leaflets, business cards to provide students and staff access for more information.Make sure to add social media and other online platforms to your strategy. Students are tech-savvy these days and you want your message online to be the same as on campus.Finally, stay in touch with the students and their preferences. You want to understand the topics student are the most passionate about and focus on reaching out to them through these channels and topics. Don’t create a generic message about your business and then use it year after year. Tailor your message around the interest of the students and the needs of the students.For example, some students might be extremely passionate about global warming and you can better reach out to the students by highlighting how your business is doing its bit to s tall the phenomena. On the other hand, student might be less interested about salary than they are about the career progression. You would then want to highlight how employees can climb up the ladder and the speed for doing so.Needs some tips on building a better employer brand? Watch this panel discussion. THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL CAMPUS RECRUITINGNow that you are aware of the best practices of campus recruitment, it’s time to turn attention to the most effective strategies you should be using. By implementing the below three strategies, you can ensure greater outreach and more meaningful recruits.Using technology to your advantageYoung people today are Internet-savvy and they use social media in a number of different ways. If your campus recruitment strategy doesn’t embrace technology and social media, you are unlikely going to receive high grades for your effort.When students are looking for information, they often turn to social media platforms and ask fo r advice and tips from other people. It’s therefore crucial your business is present to provide this information and has a good network of people who can answer students’ needs.Ensure your social media strategy is appropriate and professional. You don’t want to create a strategy where you actively jump in on students’ conversations on social media, especially if they have nothing to do with recruitment or the field you operate in. You want to be available and engaging, but not be constantly messaging about your business, as this can quickly turn into harassing behavior.You definitely want to have a focus on different social media channels, as each channel tends to attract job seekers in a different way. An interesting study by Jobvite in 2014 found that 76% of social job seekers found their current job through Facebook. But when it came to asking help and advice, social job seekers went to Twitter. Finally, LinkedIn was the channel most people did their job seeking.Therefore , focusing on all three can be helpful, with LinkedIn and Twitter offering perhaps the most important communication opportunities.Finally, today’s campus recruiting has to invest in mobile recruiting. All of your business websites and profiles must be accessible via mobile. This also means making the actual recruitment process available and easily accessible with a mobile.Innovating and using creativity as strengthAs we’ve already mentioned the current recruitment space is quite crowded and competition for top talent is heating up. If you want to stand out from the rest, you have to create a strategy that is innovative and creative. Relying on the methods, which worked in the past, won’t excite the students of the future.The crucial thing is to focus on empowering the students and providing them benefits to further their studies and the future career. This means offering different scholarship options, creating internship schemes and work experience programs, and generally givi ng access to resources that can help the student.You’ll also want to explore diverse recruitment tactics. Thinking outside of the box is not just recommended, it’s necessary. One of the coolest tactics in recent years has been about furthering brand recognition and recruitment with imaginative strategies. For example, you could use puzzles and quizzes are a recruitment strategy.The intelligence agencies in the US and the UK have used cryptographic puzzles as part of a recruitment strategy. They have created the puzzle and simply asked ‘Are you smart enough to work for the MI6?’ This is an effective, innovative and fun way to reach out to potential graduates.Similar strategies could easily be used by other businesses. For example, an accounting firm could use math puzzles and a journalism organization could create a competition to write the best story and so on. Don’t just send out an application form and say ‘Apply here’, but make it fun, challenging and creative.Since campus recruitment is largely down to creating a strong presence and brand image, you should also look into enhancing this through other activities.For today’s socially conscious students, volunteering can be a great way to reach out. It’s important to show your business is part of the community.You can offer students the way to participate in your community or volunteering projects, which can be useful in making that first connection with a student. For example, create a book donation event to help a local community centre or organize a clean up event to clean around the campus area.Focusing on students rather than soon-to-be-graduatesFinally, your campus recruitment strategy should move away from simply focusing on the graduates and start reaching out to the near-graduates instead. Don’t start communication with the student once they are in their final year, but forge relationships as soon as they enter that campus as a fresher.If you highlight the benefits your business ca n provide to career investment for these students, they can start thinking about working in your company earlier on. This not only helps you tap into talent earlier, but helps the ensure students focus on the skills your company values the most.To achieve this, you definitely want to start focusing more on internships and training programs. Even short programs can be a good way to improve brand image, talk directly to future employees and create networks and relationships.You could provide the internships for the most talented students of the first year and even organize seminars or dinners for the top students, with guest speakers inspiring the new generation.The key is to provide students hand-on experiences with the field they are studying, as well as get to know your organization.FINAL WORDSStudents are focused and often have dreams about the direction they want to head their careers. It is the recruiter’s role to understand these dreams and provide the student with the guaran tees they are looking for your organization to fulfill these dreams.Campus recruiting isn’t impossible, but it takes time and determination. You should have a clear idea of what you are looking for and where, as well as a clear message of what you are offering for the top talent.Recruiting is about highlighting the ways your organization can help these students to achieve their dreams. You therefore need to forge strong relationships, find the channels and ideas students are most interested in and build a positive brand image.

What Is Employee Value Proposition Fully Support An...

Abstract Can an employee value proposition fully support an organization’s mission? Yes. an organization’s employee value proposition is not only a critical component in obtaining employee’s with the necessary skills but also allows the organization to support its overall mission and strategy. However, an employee value proposition may not on its own support an organization. It also requires the full endorsement of an organization’s leaders to ensure that the EVP is fully implemented and working effectively. This paper will 1) discuss my organization’s EVP to recruit and retain talent and its impact, 2) describe additional initiatives my organization can employee to enhance the employee’s experience, and 3) outline any measurements my organization employs and other methods it can implement to effectively measure its return on investment in these programs. I currently work at Pepperdine University (University) which is a private Christian University. Its mission is to commit to the highest standards of academic excellence and Christian values while preparing students for lives of purpose, service, and leadership (http://www.pepperdine.edu). The University cannot accomplish its mission without having dedicated and caring employees. Although the University does not have a formal EVP, my objectives are to discuss how the University’s programs define an informal EVP and enhance the employees experience to support the University’s overall strategy in education,Show MoreRelatedHr Al Ain Distribution Strategy6744 Words   |  27 PagesCommitted Expert HR strategy 4 Free Agent HR Strategy: 5 HR strategy that can add value 5 Flow of people 6 Flow of performance: 9 COMPANY HISTORY BACKGROUND 10 Our Vision 10 Our Mission 10 Our Values 10 The value gap: 11 Commitment to shareholders, customers and employees. 11 Organization chat 13 HR STRATEGY AT AADC 13 HR Mission: 13 HR Vision: 13 HR objectives: 13 HR strategy and practices that add value: 14 The recruitment and hiring 14 Promotion system 14 Employees’ commitments:Read MoreEmployer Branding4426 Words   |  18 Pagesstatement as news of daily magazine or topic of discussion create what is known as Brand image or the Trust mark or as defined by Minchington (2005) as the image of the organization as a great place to work in the minds of current employees and key stakeholders in the external market (active and passive candidates, clients, customers and other key stakeholders). The concept of Employer Brand has gained importance since 1990s or it is a result of Global manic competition but above all it hasRead MoreAuthentic Leadership3391 Words   |  14 Pagesdiscrepant actual self is able to address the discrepancy by shifting from an bIQ (individual level of identity) to a bweQ (interpersonal or collective level of identity) orientation (Lord et al., 1999). For instance, if both members of the relationship value confidence as an ideal, but one member is much more confident than the other, the more and less confident partners are likely to assume the leader and follower roles, respectively. Together, the two partners can cooperate as a team in displayingRead MoreEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES12982 Words   |  52 PagesEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES Philip Mirvis This article looks at the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for engaging employees, including its impact on their motivation, identity, and sense of meaning and purpose. It explores three different ways that companies engage their employees through CSR: a transactional approach, where programs are undertaken to meet the needs of employees who want to take part in the CSRRead MoreQuestions On Understanding Employee Motivation4606 Words   |  19 PagesAssignment 1: Understanding Employee Motivation By Joel Bergman Latoya Claxton LeAnne Conyers Jacqua Little Donna Lowe Jamaisa Page EDD 8472, CRN 50251 Human Resource Development Nova Southeastern University June 21, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Part I: Employee Patterns of Human Behavior 4 Motivation 4 Morale 6 Part II: Examples of Motivation 8 Part III: Motivating a Diverse Workforce 12 Conclusion 15 References 16 IntroductionRead MoreCompetency Mapping Retail Sector5647 Words   |  23 PagesOBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * Understanding retail staff in terms of knowledge, skill, attributes * design exercise for testing competencies * Defining the factors for success in jobs (i.e., work) and work roles within the organization * Assessing the current performance and future development needs of persons holding jobs and roles REASON TO CHOOSE THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC: Over the past 10 years, human resource and organizational development professionals have generated a lot of interestRead MoreEasyjet and Ryan Air2145 Words   |  9 Pagesflights that are most likely the same with Easyjet, offering economic flights to frequent passengers. The core discussion can center on these two airlines leadership and culture adhering points as to how each airlines adopt to their leadership styles and what specific culture norm does they utilize in such business. Knowing also if there are issues and challenges from within the process of leadership and culture among Easyjet and RyanAir. Thus, there must be ample awareness of particular theory such asRead MoreSample Resume : Operational Excellence4744 Words   |  19 PagesAugust 11, 2015 Arizona State University Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering IEE 552 Strategic Technologic Planning Literature Review on Operational Excellence James Sheahan, Devon Hall Joseph Begala Operational Excellence Abstract Organizations need to become more competitive through operational excellence in a constantly changing dynamic market. This paper addresses reviews several scholarly research and literature review papers in order to explore concepts related to operational excellenceRead MoreEssay on Critical Aspects of Customer Relationship Management3897 Words   |  16 PagesRich customer relationships that generate loyalty and revenue are critical to sustained business performance. Now more than ever, organizations must be able to flexibly adapt to the unique needs of individual customers. To meet this challenge, companies of all sizes are deploying Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications and strategies across their organizations. They are coordinating multiple channels: including the web, email, call centers, direct mail and face to face – to interact withRead MoreKnowledge Management Analysis And Design Proposal5733 Words   |  23 PagesS Department of Labor, Office of Chi ef Information Office Student: Alex D. Aus George Washington University Advanced Knowledge Management (EMSE 6992) Professor Kimberly Davis October 21, 2016 Organization Overview Knowledge management is a concept that is widely known in many organizations but despite the concept being around for more than two decades, a universally accepted meaning of the term is yet to be outlined. Knowledge management is a concept that is concerned with the aspect of

Binge Drinking Essay - 2069 Words

Binge Drinking On a wet, dark, and snowy Sunday night an outsider wouldnt expect a Northeastern University campus bar to be crowded. In fact, most students cant even leave their dorms because there is too much snow. Yet a tiny pub, located barely off campus on Gainesboro Street, is packed wall to wall with students. A small community is drinking away their problems while discussing the probability of school being canceled. Many experts would describe this act as binge drinking, but any student would prefer to describe it as just a regular Sunday night. The Harvard School of Public Health has done numerous studies on college binge drinking. These studies are known as the standard for binge drinking data. They define binge drinking†¦show more content†¦These deaths range from alcohol poisonings, falls, automobile accidents, fires, hypothermia resulting from exposure, and drowning. A New England College student, P.J. Steverman, was found dead in a swamp located nearby the school’s campus located in Henniker, New Hampshire in 1996. He allegedly left a party alone after a night of heavy drinking. In May of 1997 another alcohol related death occurred. Robert Jordan, of Hartwick College in Oneonta, N.Y., drowned after falling into a river after a night of binge drinking. Scott Krueger was a freshman at M.I.T. when he died in 1997 from excessive drinking at a school fraternity party. The Boston area tried to crack down on college partying after the tragic event. Students began having parties broken up quicker, stricter rules against alcohol, and more school sponsored events aiming at curbing alcohol intake. After the death, M.I.T. implicated a new policy requiring freshman to live on campus. Under the new rules, fines of over $1,000 could be handed out to those who violate the alcohol regulations. The school also hired five alcohol-free advisers for the fraternities and sororities to help influence students to avoid alcohol. Boston College responded Krueger’s death by creating substance abuse classes for students who violate the School’s zero tolerance alcohol policy. In addition to deaths, college drinking is linked to 500,000 injuries and 70,000 cases of sexual assault or rape. Furthermore,Show MoreRelated binge drinking Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages What Causes Binge Drinking nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Binge Drinking is an intriguing phenomenon that many college students take part in all across the country. The issue of binge drinking has been a problem on college campuses for decades. Binge drinking has many horrible effects, but the problem starts with the causes for it. If the causes could be controlled then the issue would not get out of hand. Many college students give different causes for their drinking problems, and experts on theRead MoreThe Problem Of Binge Drinking1039 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking is often a social situation for many people, one that can create a light and fun atmosphere. Unfortunately, too many people transform social drinking into an opportunity for binge drinking. And this is a major problem: people who regularly binge drink are at a much higher risk for developing alcoholism. Understanding this problematic behavior can help you understand whether or not you are at risk of developing a true alcohol addiction. Binge Drinking Definition The definition of binge drinkingRead MoreWhat Is Binge Drinking? Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesAO1 What is binge drinking? Definition Binge drinking is, defined as people consuming a large amount of alcohol in a small amount of time and planning to get drunk (NHS, 2016). Binge drinking has now become a bigger problem in the world, binge drinking used to be described as heavy drinking over several days, but now it is known as a heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time. From the researchers evidence it is thought that binge drinking for men is to have eight or more drinks andRead MoreThe Increase Of Binge Drinking Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesNationwide, binge drinking has not received the same awareness as other leading health risks. Binge drinking is the consumption of â€Å"four or more alcoholic drinks†¦for women...and five or more drinks†¦for men† per occasion(s) within a month (Kanny, Liu, Brewer Lu, 2013, p. 77). According to data collected by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in both 2010 and 2011, the overall national prevalence of binge drinking was 17.1% and 18.4%, respectively (Kanny, Liu, Brewer Garvin,Read MoreBinge Drinking in Colleges and Universities916 Words   |  4 PagesA recent event that showcases that binge drinking is still a problem for many college students at the University of Iowa is the story of one Iowa student during the 2013 football season. Samantha Goudie, who is a twenty-two year old University of Iowa student, was once known as ‘Vodka Samm’ not only around the Iowa City area but nationally. One day in a highly intoxicated state, she tried to jump onto the field during a regular home football game and after quickly being arrested was known aroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On Teens1519 Words   |  7 Pagesto look at binge drinking in teens. Binge drinking interested me because so many teenagers drink alcohol when they go out and don’t know what consequences it has on the body. Binge drinking is the consumption of an unreasonable amount of alcohol in a short period of time. I have chosen to research ‘What are the psychological and physiological effects of binge drinking in teens?’. I chose this question because I wanted to inform myself and other teens on the effects of binge drinking. The researchRead MoreBinge Drinking and College Students777 Words   |  3 PagesBinge Drinking Binge Drinking is a problem for college students who are expose to an unlimited access of alcohol for the first time ever. Studies have found that an individual’s critical thinking ability is impaired because of alcohol consumption. â€Å"Binge drinking means drinking so much within about 2 hours that blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels reach 0.08g/dl.† As the CDC reports â€Å"One in six U.S. adults binge drinks about four times a month, consuming about eight drinks per binge† . AlcoholRead MoreBinge Drinking On College Campuses1459 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological developmentRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On Children960 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lot of support and treatment for binge drinking. Organisations such as Alcohol know your Limits and like a drink. These organisations provide support and advice to people who are suffering with binge drinking. They provide useful information about alcohol and what each genders drinking guidelines is. In addition they also provide information on the long and short term effects of binge drinking on an individual both physical and mental. Furthermore they have hotlines that people can callRead More Binge Drinking On College Campuses1536 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Yacob Ali 30 November 2015 Binge Drinking on College Campuses Approximately four out of five college students drink alcohol (niaaa.nih.gov). Although alcohol does not have immediate negative effects, over consumption can lead to serious consequences. For example, 1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries (niaaa.nih.gov).Most alcohol-related injuries and accident are a result of binge drinking. The National Institute on Alcohol

Net Present Value and Correct Answer Free Essays

Question 1 2 out of 2 points | | | Assume that the economy is in a mild recession, and as a result interest rates and money costs generally are relatively low. The WACC for two mutually exclusive projects that are being considered is 8%. Project S has an IRR of 20% while Project L’s IRR is 15%. We will write a custom essay sample on Net Present Value and Correct Answer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The projects have the same NPV at the 8% current WACC. However, you believe that the economy is about to recover, and money costs and thus your WACC will also increase. You also think that the projects will not be funded until the WACC has increased, and their cash flows will not be affected by the change in economic conditions. Under these conditions, which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| You should recommend Project S, because at the new WACC it will have the higher NPV. | Correct Answer:| You should recommend Project S, because at the new WACC it will have the higher NPV. | | | | | Question 2 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Multiple IRRs can occur only if the signs of the cash flows change more than once. | Correct Answer:| Multiple IRRs can occur only if the signs of the cash flows change more than once. | | | | Question 3 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| One advantage of the NPV over the IRR is that NPV assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, whereas IRR assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the IRR. The NPV assumption is generally more appropriate. | Correct Answer:| One advantage of the NPV over t he IRR is that NPV assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, whereas IRR assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the IRR. The NPV assumption is generally more appropriate. | | | | Question 4 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| One defect of the IRR method is that it assumes that the cash flows to be received from a project can be reinvested at the IRR itself, and that assumption is often not valid. | Correct Answer:| One defect of the IRR method is that it assumes that the cash flows to be received from a project can be reinvested at the IRR itself, and that assumption is often not valid. | | | | | Question 5 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If a project has normal cash flows and its IRR exceeds its WACC, then the project’s NPV must be positive. | Correct Answer:| If a project has normal cash flows and its IRR exceeds its WACC, then the project’s NPV must be positive. | | | | | Question 6 2 out of 2 points | | | Assume that the economy is enjoying a strong boom, and as a result interest rates and money costs generally are relatively high. The WACC for two mutually exclusive projects that are being considered is 12%. Project S has an IRR of 20% while Project L’s IRR is 15%. The projects have the same NPV at the 12% current WACC. However, you believe that the economy will soon fall into a mild recession, and money costs and thus your WACC will soon decline. You also think that the projects will not be funded until the WACC has decreased, and their cash flows will not be affected by the change in economic conditions. Under these conditions, which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| You should recommend Project L, because at the new WACC it will have the higher NPV. | Correct Answer:| You should recommend Project L, because at the new WACC it will have the higher NPV. | | | | | Question 7 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The higher the WACC used to calculate the NPV, the lower the calculated NPV will be. Correct Answer:| The higher the WACC used to calculate the NPV, the lower the calculated NPV will be. | | | | | Question 8 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| An NPV profile graph is designed to give decision makers an idea about how a project’s contribution to the firm’s value varies with the cost of capital. | Correct Answer:| An NPV profile graph is designed to give decision makers an idea about how a project’s contribution to the firm’s value varies with the cost of capital. | | | | Question 9 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the lower IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years. | Correct Answer:| If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the lower IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years. | | | | Question 10 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If a project’s NPV is less than zero, then its IRR must be less than the WACC. | Cor rect Answer:| If a project’s NPV is less than zero, then its IRR must be less than the WACC. | | | | | Question 11 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. | Correct Answer:| The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. | | | | | Question 12 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If a company uses the same payback requirement to evaluate all projects, say it requires a payback of 4 years or less, then the company will tend to reject projects with relatively short lives and accept long-lived projects, and this will cause its risk to increase over time. | Correct Answer:| One drawback of the regular payback for evaluating projects is that this method does not properly account for the time value of money. | | | | | Question 13 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| A project’s IRR is the discount rate that causes the PV of the inflows to equal the project’s cost. | Correct Answer:| A project’s IRR is the discount rate that causes the PV of the inflows to equal the project’s cost. | | | | | Question 14 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Projects with â€Å"normal† cash flows can have only one real IRR. Correct Answer:| Projects with â€Å"normal† cash flows can have only one real IRR. | | | | | Question 15 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If a firm uses the discounted payback method with a required payback of 4 years, then it will accept more projects than if it used a regular payback of 4 years. | Correct Answer:| Mul tiple IRRs can exist, but not multiple MIRRs. This is one reason some people favor the MIRR over the regular IRR. | | | | | Question 16 0 out of 2 points | | When evaluating a new project, firms should include in the projected cash flows all of the following EXCEPT:Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The salvage value of assets used for the project that will be recovered at the end of the project’s life. | Correct Answer:| Previous expenditures associated with a market test to determine the feasibility of the project, provided those costs have been expensed for tax purposes. | | | | | Question 17 2 out of 2 points | | | A firm is considering a new project whose risk is greater than the risk of the firm’s average project, based on all methods for assessing risk. In evaluating this project, it would be reasonable for management to do which of the following? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Increase the cost of capital used to evaluate the project to reflect its higher-than-average risk. | Correct Answer:| Increase the cost of capital used to evaluate the project to reflect its higher-than-average risk. | | | | | Question 18 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| A sunk cost is a cost that was incurred and expensed in the past and cannot be recovered if the firm decides not to go forward with the project. Correct Answer:| A sunk cost is a cost that was incurred and expensed in the past and cannot be recovered if the firm decides not to go forward with the project. | | | | | Question 19 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| An example of an externality is a situation where a bank opens a new office, and that new office causes deposits in the bank’s other offices to increase. | Correct Answer:| An example of an externality is a situation where a bank opens a new office, and that new office causes deposits in the bank’s other offices to increase. | | | | Question 20 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Simulation analysis is a computerized version of scenario analysis where input variables are selected randomly on the basis of their probability distributions. | Correct Answer:| Simulation analysis is a computerized version of scenario analysis where input variables are selected randomly on the basis of their probability distributions. | | | | | Question 21 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The existence of any type of â€Å"externality† will reduce the calculated NPV versus the NPV that would exist without the externality. | Correct Answer:| If one of the assets to be used by a potential project is already owned by the firm, and if that asset could be sold or leased to another firm if the new project were not undertaken, then the net after-tax proceeds that could be obtained should be charged as a cost to the project under consideration. | | | | | Question 22 2 out of 2 points | | | A company is considering a new project. The CFO plans to calculate the project’s NPV by estimating the relevant cash flows for each year of the project’s life (i. e. , the initial investment cost, the annual operating cash flows, and the terminal cash flow), then discounting those cash flows at the company’s overall WACC. Which one of the following factors should the CFO be sure to INCLUDE in the cash flows when estimating the relevant cash flows? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The investment in working capital required to operate the project, even if that investment will be recovered at the end of the project’s life. Correct Answer:| The investment in working capital required to operate the project, even if that investment will be recovered at the end of the project’s life. | | | | | Question 23 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Using accelerated depreciation rather than straight line normally has no effect on a p roject’s total projected cash flows nor would it affect the timing of those cash flows or the resulting NPV of the project. Correct Answer:| Using accelerated depreciation rather than straight line normally has the effect of speeding up cash flows and thus increasing a project’s forecasted NPV. | | | | | Question 24 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following rules is CORRECT for capital budgeting analysis? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| If a product is competitive with some of the firm’s other products, this fact should be incorporated into the estimate of the relevant cash flows. However, if the new product is complementary to some of the firm’s other products, this fact need not be reflected in the analysis. Correct Answer:| Only incremental cash flows, which are the cash flows that would result if a project is accepted, are relevant when making accept/reject decisions. | | | | | Question 25 0 out of 2 points | | | Which one of the following wou ld NOT result in incremental cash flows and thus should NOT be included in the capital budgeting analysis for a new product? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Using some of the firm’s high-quality factory floor space that is currently unused to produce the proposed new product. This space could be used for other products if it is not used for the project under consideration. | Correct Answer:| The cost of a study relating to the market for the new product that was completed last year. The results of this research were positive, and they led to the tentative decision to go ahead with the new product. The cost of the research was incurred and expensed for tax purposes last year. | | | | | Question 26 2 out of 2 points | | | The relative risk of a proposed project is best accounted for by which of the following procedures? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Adjusting the discount rate upward if the project is judged to have above-average risk. | Correct Answer:| Adjusting the discount rate upward if the project is judged to have above-average risk. | | | | | Question 27 2 out of 2 points | | | Dalrymple Inc. is considering production of a new product. In evaluating whether to go ahead with the project, which of the following items should NOT be explicitly considered when cash flows are estimated? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The company has spent and expensed for tax purposes $3 million on research related to the new detergent. These funds cannot be recovered, but the research may benefit other projects that might be proposed in the future. | Correct Answer:| The company has spent and expensed for tax purposes $3 million on research related to the new detergent. These funds cannot be recovered, but the research may benefit other projects that might be proposed in the future. | | | | | Question 28 2 out of 2 points | | Which of the following should be considered when a company estimates the cash flows used to analyze a proposed project? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The new project is expected to reduce sales of one of the company’s existing products by 5%. | Correct Answer:| The new project is expected to reduce sales of one of the company’s existing products by 5%. | | | | | Question 29 2 out of 2 points | | | Langston Labs has an overall (composite) WACC of 10%, which reflects the cost of capital for its average asset. Its assets vary widely in risk, and Langston evaluates low-risk projects with a WACC of 8%, average-risk projects at 10%, and high-risk projects at 12%. The company is considering the following projects: Project Risk Expected Return A High 15% B Average 12% C High 11% D Low 9% E Low 6% Which set of projects would maximize shareholder wealth? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| A, B, and D. | Correct Answer:| A, B, and D. | | | | | Question 30 2 out of 2 points | | | Which one of the following would NOT result in incremental cash flows and thus should NOT be included in the capital budgeting analysis for a new product? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| A firm has spent $2 million on Ramp;D associated with a new product. These costs have been expensed for tax purposes, and they cannot be recovered regardless of whether the new project is accepted or rejected. | Correct Answer:| A firm has spent $2 million on Ramp;D associated with a new product. These costs have been expensed for tax purposes, and they cannot be recovered regardless of whether the new project is accepted or rejected. | | | | | Thursday, November 17, 2011 11:33:19 PM EST OK How to cite Net Present Value and Correct Answer, Papers

Secrets Men Dont Need To Know Essays - Secrets, Secrecy,

Secrets Men Don't Need To Know Secrets men don't need to know Contrary to popular belief intimacy and honesty doesn't mean you should tell all to your partner or potential partner. Sharing too much information can be destructive to a relationship. You might feel better if you spill your guts, but your partner most times ends up feeling much worse. Let's take a look at sexual secrets. Tell only on a need to know basis. You needn't tell your lover how many other partners you have had before he came along, and certainly don't give any details of past experiences. It won't help your relationship and if something happened that has profoundly affected you and/or will continue to have an impact on your life, you should tell your partner. He doesn't have to know that you have dated someone once or twice, but he should be told of a long term or otherwise serious relationship, especially if you were married or engaged before. Withholding information can hurt a relationship if there are serious or ongoing issues between you and your partner. Money is always a touchy subject for couples. Couples should talk with one another about money issues; there should be no secrets when it comes to finances within a serious relationship. When it comes to family secrets, you may want to tell all in a new relationship, but, don't tell how uncle Lou dresses up like Cinderella at the family New Years party after 2 drinks, and sings there's no place like home. The relationship between you and your partner might not last, and how would you like everyone in your Sociology class to know that about dear old Uncle Lou? Keep it to yourself until they are officially in the family. I know you want no secrets between you two from the start, but think first before you turn out your family. Only tell secrets that are pertinent to the situation at hand. Let's move on to personal secrets. If there are any secrets, he should hear them from you. You must use your own best judgement as to how much and how far back you should go when spilling those little secrets. Don't tell him secrets just to get them off your chest, which is not fair to him or yourself. If the secret is a life or death piece of information, he or she certainly has a right to know. If the secret is going to come out eventually, your partner should hear it from you. Revealing secrets can make the two of you closer, but do so slowly and with caution. Trust is something a couple builds over time. Source ? Woman's own magazine

Free Essays on Equality

Equality: Why We Can’t Get There Racial and economic equality in the United States is impossible. Starting with slavery, moving to Jim Crow and culminating with hate crimes and racial profiling, there has been a continuous stream of factors preventing the realization of an equal American society. While it is true that great strides have been made to correct the social and political inaccuracies, the harsh reality is that all these attempts are futile. Practices such as affirmative action and equal opportunity programs, are effective at leveling the playing field, however, they will never be able to make it completely equal. White privilege and its social consequences represent one of the main reasons why equality is unattainable. Ideally, the destruction of white privilege and the belief systems that support it could result in the formation of an equal nation. However, human beings have no available means to destroy this demon, and hope exists only in the attempts at minimizing the damage to our country. Furth ermore, natural inclinations towards competition make inequality unavoidable. White privilege is a system that amasses to whites' greater wealth and resources. It also lends them access to a higher quality of justice, services, and capital than other racial groups. Simultaneously, white privilege has resulted in impoverishment and injustice for the vast majority of racial minorities. White privilege is more than a set of attitudes or individual opinions; it is a comprehensive framework of policies, practices, institutions, and cultural norms that influence every aspect of American society. Being white constitutes a powerful asset in the United States and globally. Using William Ryan’s theories on equality, white privilege represents a major discrepancy in his â€Å"Fair Play† perspective. If, as he sees it, individuals are all afforded the same rights with regard to â€Å"pursuing happiness,† then it is inevitabl... Free Essays on Equality Free Essays on Equality Is the promotion of equality by political means either desirable or possible? Throughout history the issue of equality among individuals has been a divisive and controversial topic. Many individuals have lost their lives in an attempt to secure equality for themselves and their family. Once considered a radical and extreme political view, today equality is generally accepted by the masses as necessary component to a free and fair society. In contemporary times the problems with equality arise in its application and the government’s role in the promotion of equality. Coupled with the three different forms of equality and it is easy to see why the issue of equality continues to be heavily debated by political leaders. In order to accurately understand contemporary discussions about the application of equality by political means we must first identify the three forms of equality. Formal equality, equality of opportunity, and equality of outcome are the three forms of equality that dominate modern debate. Formal equality centers around the belief that men are equal simply because they are men. Equality of opportunity is the equal starting point for individuals. Equality of opportunity is more concerned with the initial conditions of individuals than their final standing in society. Lastly, equality of outcome attempts to determine outcomes so that everybody’s status is equal. Many have argued that equality is such a vital element of society that it is necessary for the government to become involved the promotion of equality. With formal equality it is a difficult task for formal equality to be promoted my political means. Formal equality is based on inalienable rights that are given to every human being. I question how effective politics can be in promoting a form of equality that is so limited by its own definition. I suppose one may argue that the constitution of a state could be one way to promote formal equalit... Free Essays on Equality Equality: Why We Can’t Get There Racial and economic equality in the United States is impossible. Starting with slavery, moving to Jim Crow and culminating with hate crimes and racial profiling, there has been a continuous stream of factors preventing the realization of an equal American society. While it is true that great strides have been made to correct the social and political inaccuracies, the harsh reality is that all these attempts are futile. Practices such as affirmative action and equal opportunity programs, are effective at leveling the playing field, however, they will never be able to make it completely equal. White privilege and its social consequences represent one of the main reasons why equality is unattainable. Ideally, the destruction of white privilege and the belief systems that support it could result in the formation of an equal nation. However, human beings have no available means to destroy this demon, and hope exists only in the attempts at minimizing the damage to our country. Furth ermore, natural inclinations towards competition make inequality unavoidable. White privilege is a system that amasses to whites' greater wealth and resources. It also lends them access to a higher quality of justice, services, and capital than other racial groups. Simultaneously, white privilege has resulted in impoverishment and injustice for the vast majority of racial minorities. White privilege is more than a set of attitudes or individual opinions; it is a comprehensive framework of policies, practices, institutions, and cultural norms that influence every aspect of American society. Being white constitutes a powerful asset in the United States and globally. Using William Ryan’s theories on equality, white privilege represents a major discrepancy in his â€Å"Fair Play† perspective. If, as he sees it, individuals are all afforded the same rights with regard to â€Å"pursuing happiness,† then it is inevitabl... Free Essays on Equality Throughout time, we, as humans, have come up with a myriad of ways to discriminate against one another. As we go along we find something we don’t like about a certain group of individuals, we segregate them and shun them publicly, then after a while someone disagrees with what is happening, and eventually we slowly change our laws to accept and protect this group. Race, skin color, religious beliefs, economical status, national origin, people with disabilities, all different ways we have originally thought were things to spurn and reject, and then decide to make our equals. Most recently, homosexuality has become yet another way for us to discriminate. Can we see a trend forming? The current matter at hand is whether gays should be allowed to be married and have the same rights and privileges as a heterosexual married couple. â€Å"Under a 1996 law, the federal government does not recognize gay marriages,† (MSNBC). Though this is federal law, changes can be made by individual states. The state of Vermont has made a law that recognizes same-sex civil unions. â€Å"The key difference between civil unions and marriage is that benefits from civil unions would stop at the Massachusetts border while rights from marriage would extend across the country - giving gay couples equality under federal laws for taxes, health and retirement benefits, among other areas,† (MSNBC). On Tuesday, the highest court in the state of Massachusetts ruled that same-sex couples are allowed to wed, but would not issue them a marriage license. â€Å"The Supreme Judicial Court’s 4-3 ruling ordered the Legislature to come up with a solution within 180 days,† (M SNBC). It seems when you are being discriminated against, everywhere you turn, and one thing just lead to another and you really can’t get anywhere. It turns out that only in some states it is illegal to reject a couple for housing if they cannot provide a marriage license. This is not a law that was cr...

Supercharge your resume in 30 minutes or less

Supercharge your resume in 30 minutes or less Okay, so you already know you should spend lots of quality time honing your resume, lovingly crafting the masterpiece that will get you your next job. Resumes benefit from time and editing. But reality doesn’t always give us the time we’d like, and sometimes you need to produce a great resume on short notice. Maybe it’s been a while since you updated and an awesome new job opening has popped up, or maybe someone in your network has mentioned that hey, there’s this new job that would be perfect for you- can you submit you resume today? Whatever the time crunch is, it means you have to produce something solid without much notice. So what do you do when you want to spruce up your resume but you don’t have much time at all? Don’t panic†¦it’s doable! Let’s walk through some of the best things you can do to supercharge your resume in no time flat.Choose a format- and stick to it.If you had more time, you could play with different formats and see what works best for your skills and experience. No time for that today, so choose your path quickly.If you have a lot of work experience in your field: Go with the traditional reverse-chronological format, where you put your work experience section prominently up front and work backwards through your jobs.Here’s an example of how your resume can look if you want your experience to be the most prominent feature:Jenny Smith21 Jump StreetEvanston, IL 12121JSmith45@emaildomain.comExperienced Store ManagerQUALIFICATIONS SUMMARYStore manager with more than 10 years experience.Creative, innovative team leader with proven results.Exceeded sales goals by more than 15%, three years in a row.WORK EXPERIENCEBig Box Store ‘R Us, 2013 – presentStore ManagerManage a busy Chicago branch of a national department store chain.Lead a team of 60+ employees.Improved in-store sales by 10% in 2017, 9% in 2016, and 8.5% in 2015.In this example, Jenny goes straight for t he emphasis on her work history, and her results.If you are inexperienced, or just starting out in the field: Go with a skills-based format, where you lead right into a skills summary that relates directly to the job you’re applying for.Here’s an example of how your resume can look if you want your experience to be the most prominent feature:Kai Burns1 Main StreetLos Angeles, CA 12312KaiBurns@emaildomain.comDisciplined, enthusiastic recent grad seeking a marketing role at X Corp.SKILLS SUMMARYSocial media expertise (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook)Demonstrated leadership on team projectsStrong written and verbal communication skillsIn this example, Kai leads with her skills, because she’s a recent grad and doesn’t yet have a ton of work experience or concrete professional results she can call out.Don’t reinvent the wheel.You’ve only got 30 minutes, so unless you’re really attached to the idea of creating a resume from scratch at breaknec k speed, work with something that already exists. That may be your current resume, but if it’s really outdated or not great then there are lots of pre-existing templates where you can drop in your information and go from there. Using a resume library template can be a major time-saver, especially when you’ve only got a few minutes.Focus on the short, sweet elements.You don’t have a lot of time to pore over your experience bullets, but you can spend your time making sure that some of the shorter, punchier parts of the resume are in good shape. For example, make sure you have an effective, attention-grabbing headline. Your headline helps you set the narrative yourself. And this is where having less time can work in your favor: you want to focus on the most important, relevant parts of yourself as an applicant for this particular job, without overthinking it too much.Similarly, a good summary can help you really focus on your most important strengths as a candidate and what you want to say in your resume.Use bold action words.You want your supercharged resume to be potent, not wordy, so it’s all about the word choice. Instead of using long bullet points to develop a point, use a targeted action verb to get the point across faster. It’s not only more effective, but also cuts down on your writing and editing time. Some examples of strong action verbs that look good on your resume:ChairedCoordinatedExecutedHeadedImplementedMaximizedOperatedOrchestratedOrganizedOutperformedOverhauledOversawPlannedProducedRedesignedStreamlinedSaying more by taking up less space is something you can do pretty quickly that has a big impact on the quality of your resume. You’re using your limited time to make sure that parts of your resume pop instead of using the same old verbs that pass unnoticed as a reader skims your resume.For more on how to punch up your verbs:5 Action Verbs That Will Energize Your ResumeHow to Create a Resume Packed with A ction WordsPowerful Action Verbs That Will Make Your Resume Look Like a Million BucksDon’t skimp on editing.The final proofread can be the first thing to go when you’re in a rush. It’s done, it needs to be out the door†¦it’s probably fine, right? Not so fast. If you’re only taking half an hour with your resume, make sure you slot five minutes at the end to do a careful read of the final doc before you hit send. Ideally, you’d have someone else look at it to make sure everything reads well and there are no glaring errors, but if you truly don’t have enough time to do that, use your own critical eye. You may only have half an hour to work on your resume, but you don’t want your resume to look like it.Make it look nice.Again, since you don’t have time for the deep resume dive, focus on as many of the aesthetics as you can. Is your layout clean and easy to read? Are there blocks of uninterrupted text that could be broke n into reader-friendly chunks? Is your resume free of odd formatting that might not work on a computer or device screen? A quick pass to make sure your resume looks appealing should be one of the last things you do before you send.Whether you’ve got 30 minutes or 300, you want to put out the best resume possible. After all, it can be your first step to a new job, and you want to make sure you’re presenting yourself in the best possible way. If you’re crunched for time, it’s important to accept that you don’t have time to finesse every detail- but you do have time to pick the most important points and shine them up so the reader never knows you had such a tight timeline.

Eliminating redundancy at Lion using Business Intelligence Platform Essay

Eliminating redundancy at Lion using Business Intelligence Platform - Essay Example In the report, the researcher has discussed about the Kirini, a Japanese based brewery company which has been brewing beer since its inception in 1888. Lion Nathan Ltd in Australia is wholly owned by subsidiary of Kirin after the merger. According to information obtained from its official website, Lion is a leading beverage and food company with a portfolio that includes many of Australia and New Zealand’s favourite brands. It was formed in 2009 under the name ‘Lion Nathan National Foods,’ but the name later changed to Lion when Kirin Holdings Company Limited completed its purchase of Lion Nathan and merged the business with National Foods in 2009 and it has owned this business since 2007. These companies before and after the merger belonged to the national economies of their host countries. The researcher posits to the effect that Lion employs close to 8,000 people across Australia and New Zealand and it boasts of a portfolio of market-leading, household-name bra nds in beer, spirits, wine, milk, fresh dairy foods, juice, cheese and soy beverages. The company has significantly contributed to the Australian and New Zealand economies. However, the problem emanates from the view that the merger acquisition by Kirin of Lion which is Australian based company may cause redundancy and problems in operation support services. As a result, the redundancy can lead to an increase in the operation costs if the problem is not fixed and this is likely to affect the company. If the problem not fix, explain why it will affect the company. Of notable concern is the factor that there are also competitors in the food and beverage industry where Lion operates and Heineken is the greatest competitor. In order to address the problem raised above, the initiative change is primarily concerned with reviewing the computer system used by the organisations before and after the merger to establish the changes required to turn around the fortunes of the organisation. In t his case, it is proposed that when solving this problem, a business intelligence Platform (real time) can be used to reduce the operational costs after the merger so as to improve the organisation’s productivity in order to gain a competitive advantage over the other rival competitors in the same industry. BIP is a computer based support system used in the decision making process and is based on factual data. According to Gartner (2007), BIP is comprised of mainly three categories namely information delivery (workflow and collaboration) as well as analysis. All information about the operations of the organisation is gathered and computed in detail where it is established if there is any area that may need change to ensure effective operation of the organisation. However, these two organisations have been using different systems where the BIP model was alien to Lion Nathan before the merger. The issues raised above are very important and they are likely to affect the company i f change is not done given that before the major, these two companies used different BI platforms which can pose a challenge to the merged company. In order to analyse the current performance of Lion, it will be imperative to carry out a financial analysis of the company in order to draw a comparison with its previous performance levels. Analysis of the current situation Lion is a company which operates in the food and beverages sector in Australia and it is a public company with various shareholders. The company is listed on the Australian stock exchange and all the data in the financial statements from 2009 to 2010 is quoted in Australian dollars. All the data used in the financial analysis for the company below has been retrieved from the company’s official website (http://www.lionco.com/2011/02/10/lion-nathan-national-foods-fy10-result/, 2010/11). The analysis of the organisation is mainly based on the following three important aspects namely expenses, revenue, net profit as well as return on investment for the three year period under survey. The financial analy

Customer Care & Front Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Customer Care & Front Office - Essay Example This essay describes different care policies, that provide guidelines against which any hotel employee may measure his or her performance in caring for customers. It insures continuity of quality between visits by the same customers and also across various other hotels owned by the same company and over time. The researcher states that word of mouth is the best advertisement any hotel can hope for, and it costs nothing. By having a set of policies to follow, the company helps employees to remember everything which will make customers feel welcome and valued. Without established policies for customer care, there is room for variance in the quality of that care. Different people, even with training, may not habitually treat the customer with the same quality of care. The researcher then describes different communication types and how these are identified and use to best effect and describes the different types of customers who are likely to pass through a hospitality outlet and their d iffering and specific requirements. The researcher of the essay summarizes the sequence and various stages of the customer cycle and the procedures which occur at each stage. This essay also explains the various financial procedures which occur at various stages of the customer cycle, that begins with first contact with the customer when inquiries are made. In the end, the researcher explains the legal requirements, which may possibly affect the interaction of the guest with staff and uses some examples to present them.

Causes of Construction Delays

Causes of Construction Delays This chapter gives an idea of what construction delays are, how are they defined and what are their types and comparison of them. Delays can be seen differently from different point of views. Causes of delays and categorization of them in various international contexts are also discussed. 2.2 DEFINING CONSTRUCTION DELAY A lot of work has been done before on construction delays and every author came up with his/her own definition. Assaf and Hejji defined delay as Time overrun either beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project slipping over its planned schedule. (Assaf, Hejji, 2006) Stumpf defined delay as Act or event that extends the time required to perform a task under a contract. It usually shows up as additional days of work or as delayed start of an activity. (Stumpf, 2000). And many similar definitions were given. Therefore construction delays can be considered as time lag in completion of activities from a fixed time as per contract or they can be defined as late completion or late start of activities to the planned schedule or contract schedule. When project delay occurs it means project cannot be completed within stated time, which means there will be extensions of time required which will further result in fine, increased cost due to inflation, termination of contract, court cases etc. or combinations of above stated factors. Delay can be seen as risk for the project and could be handled at inception stage or at least one can try to mitigate or minimize it. Risk is an integral part of a construction project; it is well known that no project is risk free. If risk is analysed at inception or planning stage it could be managed, minimized, shared, mitigated or accepted to give some good results. Delay can be considered similar to risk or a type of risk; as no construction project is free from delays, delay is also integrated part of construction projects. It depends on size of project as well. Therefore it is expected to analyse and manage delay in same fashion as risk. Delays are often result of a mismanaged event which must have been managed in a systematic process so as to analyse the effect of that event on the project and how to minimize chances of further delay. (Keane, Caletka, 2008). 2.3 CATEGORIZATION AND TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION DELAYS Before getting on types of various construction delays there is a major categorisation which is required to be understood. Construction delays can be delayed in some major groups as listed below. El-Saadi (1998) categorized delay in four major groups. Critical or Non critical Excusable or Non Excusable Compensable or Non Compensable Concurrent or Non concurrent Alkaas S., Mazerolle M. and Harris F. (1996) and Ahmed S.M. et al gave following categorizations: Excusable Delays Excusable compensable delays Excusable noncompensable delays Nonexcusable delays Concurrent delays Fig. 2.1 Classification of delay based on their various attributes. Nuhu Braimah (2008) To achieve objectives of this dissertation and to consider delay as risk it is necessary to know about these types of delays and as per categorization in what category they lie. This basic knowledge helps in moving forward and determining strategies to mitigate these risks. Now in this part we will discuss these types of delay in detail: 2.3.1 CRITICAL AND NON CRITICAL In simple words Critical delays are those which cause delay to entire project completion date while Non critical delays not necessarily affect the project completion date but affects progress. In all the projects delays are considered at the project completion date. Delays can be combination of small and big delays that occurred during the whole project. Therefore critical delays are taken more into consideration then noncritical delays. 2.3.2 EXCUSABLE DELAYS Excusable Delays occurs due to events which are outside the control of contractor like heavy rains, storms, strikes, fire, client suggested changes, differing site conditions, change of government policy or their intervention, stakeholder intervention etc. Alkass S. et al (1996) says that when there are excusable delays, contractor is entitled to time extension in case date of completion is extended. Such delays can also affect non critical activities which must be considered with more detailed analysis or adjustment of float time. Excusable delays can be further classified in compensable and noncompensable delays. 2.3.2.1 EXCUSABLE COMPENSABLE DELAYS As name suggests excusable compensable delays are those in which contractor is entitled for extra payment (compensation) i.e. monetary compensation and time extension as well. But decision that a delay is compensable or noncompensable is taken as per contract between client and contractor. Natural disasters or some reasons which are out of control are not considered. Example of such delay could be that client doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t allow access to site even after notice to proceed is given; other such delays which are due to client are compensable. 2.3.2.2 EXCUSABLE NONCOMPENSABLE DELAYS Such delays are such where both contractor and client are not responsible for delay. Under such circumstances only time extensions are granted and no monetary compensation is provided. Such delays include act of God. 2.3.3 NON EXCUSABLE DELAYS As name suggests these delays are such that they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any excuse or no excuse can be given for them. They arise due to carelessness or actions and inactions of contractors and subcontractors. For such delays no time extensions and monetary compensation is given to contractor if it has affected whole duration of project. In such cases client is liable to get liquidated damages. Example of such delay could be constructing something wrong which is not given in drawings, not completing work on time, improper resource allocation etc. 2.3.4 CONCURRENT DELAYS This is the most complex categorization of delay as it consists of two or more kind of delays regardless of their type which occurs at same time or overlaps some duration together. It is necessary to find out what type has caused overall delay in project completion. Therefore different factors like time of occurrence of delay, duration of delay, impact of them, float ownership etc. have to be considered carefully. Alkass et al (1996) said that; Concurrent delays which contains two or more excusable delays results in time extension. When compensable and nonexcusable delays are concurrent a time extension can be given or delay can be distributed between client and contractor. 2.4 CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION DELAYS In section 2.3, categorisation of delays was discussed. Now in this section will deal with causes of delays. Lot of work has been done on understanding causes of delays. The two major categorization of delay causes one is Internal Cause another is External Cause. Internal cause includes delays caused by parties involved in construction project like Client, Contractor, Designer, Consultant these are four major parties then Subcontractors, material suppliers etc. comes. From external factors it includes act of God, strikes, stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dissatisfaction etc. Assaf and Hejji (2006) reflected various causes of delays which occur in large construction projects. They had a field survey of 23 contractors, 19 consultants, and 15 owners and found out and reflected on 73 causes of delays under eight different groups. All those 73 factors are given in table below. NO. CAUSES OF DELAY GROUP 1 Original contract duration is too short. Project 2 Legal disputes b/w various parties. Project 3 Inadequate definition of substantial completion. Project 4 In effective delay penalties. Project 5 Type of construction contracts. Project 6 Type of project bidding and award Project 7 Delay in progress payment by owner. Owner 8 Delay to furnish and deliver the site to contractor by the owner. Owner 9 Change orders by owner during construction. Owner 10 Late in revising and approving design documents by owner Owner 11 Delay in approving shop drawings and sample materials Owner 12 Poor communication and co-ordination by owner and other parties Owner 13 Slowness is decision making process by owner Owner 14 Conflicts between joint ownership of the project Owner 15 Unavailability of incentives for contractors for finishing ahead of schedule Owner 16 Suspension of work by owner Owner 17 Difficulties in financing project by contractor. Contractor 18 Conflicts in subcontractors schedule in execution of project Contractor 19 Rework due to errors during construction. Contractor 20 Poor site management and supervision by contractor Contractor 21 Poor communication and co-ordination by contractor with other parties Contractor 22 Ineffective planning and scheduling of project by contractor Contractor 23 Improper construction methods implemented by contractor. Contractor 24 Delays in subcontractors work Contractor 25 Conflicts between contractor and other parties Contractor 26 Inadequate contractors work. Contractor 27 Frequent change of subcontractors due to their insufficient work. Contractor 28 Poor qualification of the contractors technical staff Contractor 29 Delay in site mobilization. Contractor 30 Delay in performing inspection and testing by consultant Consultant 31 Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by consultant Consultant 32 Inflexibility (rigidity) of consultant Consultant 33 Poor communication and co-ordination by consultant with other parties Consultant 34 Late in reviewing and approving design documents by consultants Consultant 35 Conflicts between consultant and design engineer. Consultant 36 Inadequate experience of dsigner. Consultant 37 Mistakes and discrepancies in design documents Design 38 Delays in producing design documents Design 39 Unclear and inadequate details in drawings Design 40 Complexity of project design Design 41 Insufficient data collection and survey before design Design 42 Misunderstanding of ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requirement by design engineer. Design 43 Inadequate design team experience Design 44 Un-use of advanced engineering design software. Design 45 Shortage of construction materials in market Material 46 Changes in material types and specification during construction Material 47 Detail in material delivery. Material 48 Damage of sorted material while they are needed urgently. Material 49 Delay in manufacturing special building material Material 50 Late procurement of materials Material 51 Late in selection of finishing materials due to availability of many types in market Material 52 Equipment breakdowns Equipment 53 Shortage of equipment Equipment 54 Low level of equipment-operatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill Equipment 55 Low productivity and efficiency of equipment Equipment 56 Lack of high technology mechanical equipment Equipment 57 Shortage of labours Labours 58 Unqualified workforce Labours 59 Nationality of labours Labours 60 Low productivity level of labours Labours 61 Personal conflict among labours Labours 62 Effects of subsurface conditions External 63 Delay in obtaining permit from government External 64 Hot weather effects on construction activities External 65 Rain effect on construction activities External 66 Unavailability of utilities in site External 67 Effect of social and cultural factors External 68 Traffic control and restriction at job site External 69 Accident during construction External 70 Differing site conditions External 71 Changes in government regulations and laws External 72 Delay in providing services from utilities External 73 Delay in performing final inspection and certification by a third party External Table 2.1 Causes of delays as per group Assaf and Hejji (2006) Their work gave a broad view over construction delays and their causes. Though their classification is quite broad, but it gives a more insight to various causes. Odeh AM and Battaineh HT (2002) presented following 8 major groups of construction delay. Client related factors which include finance, payment of billed work, interference in work, slow decision making etc. Contractor related factors include site management, improper planning, insufficient experience, improper construction methods, insufficient and unskilled work force etc. Consultant related factors include contract management, improper drawings, approval of drawings, tests at site etc. Material related factors include availability, quality and shortage. Labor and equipment factors include supply, productivity, equipment availability, failure etc. Contract factors include changed orders and mistakes and disagreements in document. Contractual relationship factors includes, disputes, negotiation, improper management of information system, improper work breakdown structure and task responsibility matrix. External factors like act of god, strikes, accidents etc. Most of the work done in field of causes of delays reflects similar causes of delays and 8 major groups. They all gave recommendations related to these factors but very few scholars suggested to forecast delay in planning stage. Khalil and Ghaftly (1999) said delay is important issue. In order to manage it more properly and to mitigate them deep investigation to this area is needed. Having idea of frequency, extent and responsibility of delay can provide insights of early planning to control these factors and improve project performance. 2.5 PERSPECTIVE FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES Work from Chan and Kumaraswamy (2002) from Hong Kong industry gives four major causes of delay in Hong Kong industry which are as follows: Project scope Project complexity Project Environment Management related attributes The above four factors were studied with their constituent casual factors to gain more insight and understanding of their significance. They were summarized in following figure: Figure 2.3 Summary of principal factors affecting construction durations of projects He gave another table comparing factors causing delay in construction projects in various economies. It gives an overview of common factors in these economies. It gives a clear understanding of various countries at once. Factors Causing Delay Countries where survey was conducted US UK DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TURKEY NIGERIA SAUDI ARABIA HONG KONG INDONESIA Inclement weather * * * * * Labour shortage/ Low labour productivity * * * Poor subcontractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance * * * * Variations (design change/ extra work) * * * * * Unforeseen ground conditions * * Materials shortage/ late material delivery * * * Inadequate construction planning * * * Financial difficulties * * * Delays in design work/Lack of design information * Poor site management * * * * Impractical design * Poor communication * * Inappropriate type of contract used * Lack of designerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience * Inaccurate estimating * * * Table 2.2 Source: Chan and Kumarswamy (2001) Ogunlana and Promkuntong studied and compared construction industry of Thailand and other economies. Study involved delays experienced in the High Rise Building construction projects in Bangkok, Thailand. According to them Resource supply problem were most acute problems of the construction industry in boom years. Project suffered delays due to inadequate supply of cement, technical personnel were overstretched, and demands from owners to do frequent changes etc. are the major causes for delay in developing economy. Sabasivan and Soon (2007) conducted study of causes of delay in Malaysian construction industry. They conducted a survey and 150 participants were involved. They came up with 10 most important causes of delay which are as follows: Improper planning of contractor. Poor site management from contractor Inadequate experience of contractor Improper payments and finance from client Subcontractors problem Material shortage Labour supply Failure and availability of equipment Improper management information system Mistakes during construction stage. COUNTRY RESEARCHERS MAJOR CAUSES OF DELAYS Saudi Arabia Assaf et al Slow preparation and approval of shop drawings Delays in payments to contractors Changes in design/design error Shortages of labour supply Poor workmanship Lebanon Mezher et al Owner had more concerns with regard to financial issues Contractors regarded contractual relationships the most important Consultants considered project management issues to be the most important causes of delay Saudi Arabia Al-khal and Al-Ghafly Cash flow problems/financial difficulties Difficulties in obtaining permits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lowest bid win firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? system Jordan Al-Moumani Poor design Changes in orders/design Weather Unforeseen site condition Late deliveries Kuwait Koushki et al Changing orders Owners financial constraints Ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of experience in the construction business UAE Faridi and El-Sayegh Slow preparation and approval of drawings Inadequate early planning of project Slow decision making of owners Shortage of manpower Poor site management and supervision Low productivity of manpower Saudi Arabia Assaf and Al-Hejji Change in orders by the owner during construction Delay in progress payment Ineffective planning and scheduling Shortage of labour Difficulties in financing on the part of contractor. Hong Kong Chan and Kumaraswamy Project scope Project complexity Project environment Management related attributes Florida Ahmed and Azhar Design related Construction related Financial/economical Management/ Administrative Code related Acts of God Table 2.3 Summary of previous studies of the causes of delay in construction project some data from above table is taken from Sweis et al (2008) 2.6 SUMMARY: A total of 73 factors and 8 major groups of causes of construction delays were identified through intensive literature reviews in order to consider maximum factors. These factors will be helpful in data analysis so as to forecast delay at planning stage and treat it as risk so that risk management methodologies can be implemented to delay so as to mitigate and minimizing it. These eight major categories can be brought down as shown in figure. Fig 2.4 Classification of delay groups. All major 8 groups can be brought down to 2 major groups which are Internal and external causes. Internal is further subdivided in owner, consultant, contractor and resources. Resources are further subdivided in Material, equipment and labour. Overall if we need to classify groups for the causes of delay 5 major groups covers all 73 factors they are Owner, Contractor, Consultant, Resources and External. These causes and classification will help us to rank and treat delay as a risk at planning stage so as remedial measures can be applied. Though in spite of all studies and delay causes know till now it is hard to forecast delay because its very unpredictable, we cant analyse frequency of delay due to some reason in a project. Sometimes external causes are so dominating that co-ordination of internal groups get disturbed and project faces delay.