A Brief Summary of Milgrams Seminal Research on Obedience...

Social psychology, as a discipline, has given relatively little attention to the problem of evil in society, and those discussions in this field that do exist typically regard evil actions as only varieties of aggression without any characteristics that distinguish them from other forms of intentional mistreatment of others (Berkowitz, 1999). Because of the fields situationistic perspective emphasizing the individuals susceptibility to the power of the immediate situation, social psychologists generally view the fairly high levels of obedience to authority displayed in Milgrams classic experiment as the paradigmatic example of evil behavior (Berkowitz, 1999). Reading about the work of Ross and Nisbett, 1991 (as cited in Berkowitz,†¦show more content†¦According to Zimbardo and Gerrig, 1999, p. 793 (as cited in Mastroianni, 2002, p. 159) explained â€Å"what made thousands of Nazis willing to follow Hitler’s orders and send millions of Jews to the gas chambers? Milgram’s research showed that the blind obedience of Nazis during World War II was the outcome of situational forces that could engulf anyone.† The aims and objectives of this paper is to provide a brief summary of Milgrams seminal research on obedience to authority, and describing Milgrams methodology as well as his results and his interpretation of those results. Additionally, we will be discussing what current research has found regarding conforming to authority. One of the biggest questions we will be asking in this paper, will the moderately of individuals most tend to conform to authority? Lastly, we will be explaining and discussing what current research supports or refutes Milgrams findings and then provide an overall conclusion about the origins of conforming to authority and how Milgram’s research has contributed to the field of social psychology. Summary of Milgram’s Research to Obedience to Authority Stanley Milgram, a well-known social psychologist within the 1960’s focused his studies on social influence and obedience to authority. The impact of his research and experiments made such a profound discovery findingShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra

Indonesian Economy Asia Pulp and Paper Free Essays

string(201) " financial institutions queued up to invest in the Indonesian pulp and paper companies because they perceived that they had a competitive advantage due to their access to cheap raw material resources\." Indonesian Economy Asia Pulp and Paper A short strategy analysis of APP mission , vision and strategy Indonesian Economy Asia Pulp and Paper A short strategy analysis of APP mission , vision and strategy Summary Introduction2 I. company overview3 II. APP’s financials, environment issues and mattel4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Indonesian Economy: Asia Pulp and Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now APP’s financials 2. Environment issues 3. Mattel III. The challenges and recomanded strategy7 1. The challeges 2. Recommandations IV. APP, a company to watch9 Conclusion10 References Introduction Corporate governance refers to the control of the firm, its ownership structure, and the disclosure quality. It was widely discussed in relation to the Asian crisis in 1997-98, because poor firm performance was assumed to be related to bad corporate governance . In particular, the East Asian economic model was said to reveal a â€Å"crony capitalism†, with the presence of numerous family-controlled groups, a high ownership concentration, a weak public governance, and poor monitoring of bank loans . The group Asia Pulp Paper (APP) expanded impressively in the 1990s and became the largest pulp and paper producer in Asia outside Japan, and one of the top ten producers in the world. It attracted investors from all over the world in a context of â€Å"Asian miracle†, and because the giant pulp mills built in Indonesia were assumed to produce at the lowest cost in the world . Surprisingly, the group announced a debt standstill on $13 billion in 2001, the largest default for a private group in an emerging country At the same time, it was revealed that the industrial capacities had expanded at a much faster pace than the forest plantations, thus representing a high risk that operations would not be sustainable. Available studies showed the apparent lack of rationality in the decisions of the group, and the critical situation it faces from both financial and wood supply points of view. However, another explanation would be more convincing, which is based on the very rational behaviour of the ultimate owners of the group. This rationality being related to their ability: to increase their control of the decisions and accounts compared to their direct financial investments, to finance the expansion mainly with debts in order to reduce their own risks and to maximize their short-term profits, ,to benefit from a lax public governance context and a free access to natural forests for supplying fiber to the pulp mills. APP’s trajectory has not been clean of obstacles , so with the tools provided by the theory strategy and organizational management we ‘re going to try to find the  «Ã‚  good  » way to manage that company . This is important because APP’s default has attracted much attention so far, and the resolution of the case will impact on the willingness of foreigners to invest back in Indonesia. I. Company overview Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) has its roots in 1972, when the company Tjiwi Kimia was founded by Eka Tjipta Widjaja as a small caustic soda manufacturer. In 1978, Tjiwi Kimia commenced paper production of 12,000 tons/year. In December 1976, Indah Kiat was formed as a joint venture between CV Berkat (an Indonesian company), Chung Hwa Pulp Corporation and Yuen Foong Yu Paper Manufacturing Company Ltd. from Taiwan. In April 1979 Indah Kiat Tangerang mill’s Paper Machine 1 and 2 started with a production of 100 tons/day of wood free paper. By March 1984 Indah Kiat Perawang mill’s Pulp Machine 1 started producing bleached hardwood kraft pulp with an initial capacity of 250 tons/day. In May 1986 Sinar Mas Group acquired 67% of Indah Kiat’s total shares. Chung Hwa and Yuen Foong Yu had 23% and 10% shares respectively. In 1987 the first cast coating machine installed at Tjiwi Kimia, and in April 1990 Tjiwi Kimia was listed on the Jakarta and Surabaya Stock Exchange. In 1991 Tjiwi Kimia’s PM 9 started operation with an annual capacity of 207,000 tons. The following year Indah Kiat acquired PT Sinar Dunia Makmur, a manufacturer of industrial paper located in Serang with a 2. roduction capacity of 900 tons/day. jiwi Kimia commissioned the Carbonless Paper Plant in March 1993, an experiment The company Pindo Deli under control of APP in Feb. 1994, and by 1997 its paper machine #8 and #9 would both have begin operation with production capacity of 240,000 tons per year. In 1998, paper machine #11 started tissue production in Pindo Deli with annual production capacity of 400,000 tons started to operate. APP-China began investing in China in 1992, with an emp hasis on the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas. APP-China’s pulp and paper mills now include Ningbo Zhonghua, Goldeast Paper, Ningbo Asia, Gold Huasheng, Gold Hongye, and Hainan Jinhai Pulp and Paper. APP-China was registered in Singapore in October 1994. APP-China employs over 37,000 people and created 5,000 new jobs in 2009 II. APP’S Financials, Environment issues and Mattel 1. APP’s financials Growth of the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia mainly came from leverage, which drove returns on equity ever higher. International financial institutions had played a central role in supplying the finances for APP. Its assets totaled US$17. billion, of which shareholders had financed 25 per cent (the most important shareholders being the Widjaja family, and the American fund managers, Franklin Templeton Investments and Capital Group), bondholders 38 per cent and banks 20 per cent. Over 300 international financial institutions, including many leading financial institutions (e. g. , investment banks in the U. S. , T he Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany) and export credit agencies were among those heavily involved in providing and guaranteeing this finance over the 10 years prior to 2001. Among the private financial institutions were Barclays Bank, NatWest, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Credit Suisse First Boston, Goldman Sachs, Franklin Templeton, Capital Group, Merrill Lynch, Bank of America, Deutsche Bank, ABN Amro and Bank of China. The use of financial â€Å"mark-up† practices – that is, the artificial inflation of the cost of an investment project – had allowed some pulp and paper products to secure much larger amounts of financing for their projects than they actually needed. In fact, financial institutions queued up to invest in the Indonesian pulp and paper companies because they perceived that they had a competitive advantage due to their access to cheap raw material resources. You read "Indonesian Economy: Asia Pulp and Paper" in category "Papers" The situation turned difficult for APP in April 2001 when it announced that it had failed to include a US$220 million loss on two currency swap contracts in its financial statements, quickly followed by an official announcement that earlier financial statements for 1997 to 1999 â€Å"should not be relied upon†. A confidential 2,000-page report from KPMG released in July 2001 listed questionable transactions and accounting entries made in 1999 and 2000 by APP’s four Indonesian entities, and noted $1. 6 billion in provisions for doubtful debts, reclassification of receivables as well as a $672 million in derivative losses from various APP units. Other transactions, including $457 million in guarantees for non-APP companies, brought the total amount in the â€Å"questionable† category to $4. 41 billion. 2. Environment issues APP-China invested over 300 million RMB in environmental conservation facilities and activities in 2009 alone, and had invested over 5 billion RMB in environmental protection by 2009. APP-China inn 2009 also achieved 100% treatment of its solid waste from its six major pulp and paper mills. APP-China was honored in 2009 with the â€Å"Award of Contribution to Low Carbon Business (Multinational Corporation)† at the first meeting of the Low Carbon Forum hosted by the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultatative Committee (CPPCC) and the China Association for Science and Technology. APP-China also received the â€Å"Green China Campaign-2009 Scientific Development of Forest Plantation Special Award† by the China Green Foundation and the State Bureau of Forestry, Center for Economic Development Research. Further, APP-China received the â€Å"2009 Scientific Forest Plantation Development Award† by the China Green Times. In November 2007, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) decided to rescind the rights of APP to use their logo, following pressure from other FSC Stakeholders, and a new policy approach by FSC Board of Directors. A investigation published in March 2008 by an environmental coalition called Eyes on the Forest showed evidence of a new road built by APP, heading through the Kampar peninsula, one of the world’s largest contiguous tropical peat swamp forests, with more carbon per hectare than any other ecosystem on Earth. The investigation found tracks on the new road of the critically endangered Sumatran Tiger, whose wild population has been reduced to less than 500 individuals. APP claimed that it was building this state-of-the-art, paved highway for the benefit of the local communities, though satellite imagery shows that the road does not go anywhere near the two settlements. 3. Mattel On June 8, 2011, Greenpeace launched â€Å"Barbie, It’s Over†, an international campaign criticising Mattel’s use of Asia Pulp Paper’s products in its packaging, particularly in its line of Barbie products. Within two days of the campaign’s start, Mattel ordered its packaging suppliers to stop buying from Asia Pulp Paper pending an investigation into Greenpeace’s deforestation allegations, and further ordered its suppliers to report on how they source materials. Asia Pulp ; Paper welcomed Mattel’s response, believing that Mattel’s investigation would conclude that its â€Å"packaging materials are more than 95% recycled paper sourced from around the world. † On October 5, 2011, Greenpeace announced that Mattel stated that it would no longer purchase pulp and paper products from Asia Pulp ; Paper due to the effects that its logging practices had on the Sumatran tiger population III. Challenges and recommanded strategy 1. The challenges The Strategy Group has identified many significant challenges facing the ndustry, including: * loss of demand for its products due to the consequences of the global financial crisis in late 2008 and early 2009 * increased consumer and business use of digital communications, resulting in a slowing of the growth in consumption of paper-based communication, including newspapers * increased competition from cheaper imports, often using fibre from unsustainable sources, resulting in an uneven in ternational playing field * projected shortages in available wood-based fibre to provide feedstock for existing pulp and paper facilities, especially due to limits on timber plantation establishment * escalating costs of key industry inputs, especially electricity, and limitations on the ability of the industry to capitalise on its innate energy generation capability * level of investment has been low—those mills lacking investment are facing closure while others which have continued or increased investment have become automated and more efficient * he growth of China, India and other emerging economies such as Indonesia, which is significantly altering the traditional supply and demand dynamics for paper products * the low level of R;D by Australia’s pulp and paper companies affecting the level of innovation and international competitiveness they can achieve * government and community responses to climate change, affecting all industries in Asia, including the pulp an d paper industry 2. Recommandations Recommendations can be grouped into four major themes: innovation, investment, sustainability and productivity. The first recommendation is fundamental to the entire strategy and stretches across all four themes. It deals with the government’s commitment to the long-term viability of the pulp and paper industry in Asia and its workers. Asian Government( China, Japan, Singapour,indnesia) make a clear public statement supporting the value and long-term viability of the Asian pulp and paper industry, recognising the industry’s commitment to good environmental outcomes and its key role in the provision of economic and social opportunities for thousands of Asian, many in vulnerable regional communities. Innovation A Pulp and Paper Industry Innovation Council shloud be established and appropriately funded to build a culture of innovation in the industry. The Innovation Council will recognise Asian’s competitive strengths in fibre production, product innovation and renewable energy, and focus on long-term issues facing the industry. Investment The asian Government establish a plantation investment model that delivers the re-establishment and expansion of timber plantations to underpin existing processing industries or led to the creation of new processing industries in asia . Sustainability The Australian Government work with industry to support internationally recognised forest certification schemes (including the Indonesian Forestry Standard, the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification and the Forest Stewardship Council’s certification scheme) that provide for legal and sustainable forest management which ensures transparency, accountability and global and local consistency of application. Productivity Noting the significant price increases associated with the exercise of generator market power in the National Electricity Market, the Ministerial Council on Energy should accelerate efforts to improve competition in the wholesale electricity market, including by increasing penalties and developing rule changes to limit the exercise of generator market power. The Asian Government should support workforce planning and development initiatives that underpin future economic opportunities for the pulp and paper industry and its workforce. IV. APP, a compa ny to watch APP is a company more in the news than not, and for some good reasons; it has a well known plan to be the Number 1 pulp and paper company in the world; it operates in one of the â€Å"hottest† regions, Indonesia, when it comes to the NGOs focus on deforestation and climate change; it has a strategy of organic growth that includes the installation of the biggest and very best and in pulp and paper technology: and a strategy of acquisitive growth that will probably put it firmly in the RISI headline news stakes even more regularly next year. With its bold mission to be the number 1, APP is going to have yet another tough year in 2011 as it comes under even closer scrutiny regarding its forestry and plantation operations in Indonesia. Indeed 2010 saw a ramping up of NGO activity aimed against the company, particularly from Greenpeace, in which it published a series of reports highlighting alleged environmental transgressions, as well as naming some of the major brands around the world that were buying the company’s products. APP in return commissioned a series of independent reports, including one by former Greenpeace founder Dr Patrick Moore, refuting the allegations. But perhaps the real reason this company is one of our Five to Watch for next year is its seemingly unstoppable progress, with new expansions in both pulp and paper too numerous to mention, including the start up of the world’s biggest fine paper machine located on Hainan Island, China. One of the main areas of interest is where all the fine paper that APP is producing is going to go as duties have now been imposed in both the US and Europe on fine paper coming in from China. Duties are also now being talked about in Brazil and India as anti-dumping fears in those countries come to the fore. Another major development on the horizon is APP’s aggressive acquisition strategy abroad through its subsidiary Paper Excellence based in Holland which has already seen it buy up four pulp mills, two in France and two in Canada. Could we see APP making an acquisition of a major European or US pulp or paper company in 2011? Conclusion APP’s trajectory since the early 1990s has been very impressive for several reasons. Focusing at first on Indonesia to develop a pulp and paper empire in order to become one of the top ten producers in the world, the group achieved its objective owing to very lax attitudes on the part of investors both from Indonesia and abroad. The context of the early and mid 1990s, with the so-called ‘Asian miracle’ and the Indonesian government’s official policy of pushing industries with a clear export-oriented stance, and the availability of huge forest areas for conversion, permitted the extraordinarily fast expansion of APP’s capacity. This expansion has been mainly based on debts, either through bond issuance or bank loans. In conclusion, Asia Pulp Paper seems to illustrate the theories saying that the divergence between ownership and control through pyramid structures corresponds to poor corporate governance and leads to lower firm performance. References â€Å"Why a ‘Green’ Logo May Mean Little,† Wall Street Journal, 30 Oct 2 007 * New APP Logging Road Threatens One of World’s Biggest Carbon-Storing Forests, Tigers; Eyes on the Forest, March 2008 * Logging Road Threatens Rare Peat Dome, Tigers * People’s Daily Online – Forestry authorities charges Singaporean paper giant with illegal logging * Asia Times Online  :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam * a b FSC rules in upheaval after green groups level accusations at APP | printweek. com | Latest Print Industry News, Jobs, Features, Product Reviews, Used Printing and Packaging Machinery * FT. com / Home UK / UK – The usefulness of scholarships and tigers * Ethical Corporation: Archive – APP decision a â€Å"landmark† for China’s environmentalists * http://www. rainforest-alliance. rg/forestry/documents/app. pdf * wikipedia * APP ‘ s Annual report 2010 , from www. freereport. com * http://www. ppimagazine. com/ppiissue/ —— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Sumatran Tiger incident  : During late July 2011 Greenpeace revealed images and footage on their website that showed a critically endangered Sumatran tiger. This tiger had become trapped by an animal snare at the edge of an APP concession, and had been there for at least seven days, without food or water. Attempts to tranquilise and rescue the tiger failed due to its poor condition of health. APP denied any responsibility, despite reports to the contrary. How to cite Indonesian Economy: Asia Pulp and Paper, Papers

Roles And Responsibility Of Manager - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Roles And Responsibility Of Manager. Answer: The basic roles and responsibilities of manager Introduction It is essential in an organization, managers should follow the proper schedule (Avineri, 2017). The job expectations, coaching, counselling, planning, monitoring, appraising the result of jobs, maintaining the disciplining of employees and productivity, set the policies and goals, and checking the work procedure of employee. Key Skills of the Manager: Working style of manager should be collaborative Honest and Trust worthy manager Manager pays attentions to the accuracy and costing Manager understand the quality system and profitability Manger work well under pressure Manager has good written verbal communication skills Working style of manager: Team work is greatest power of manager. A good collaborative leader always encourage their team and allows everyone to represent their ideas and thoughts, always take the team approach to the problem solving (Bargiela and Nickerson, 2014). A good leader give everyone a platform where they can give their ideas and thoughts it helps to bring a unique sight. Manager believes in team work, a team can easily solve a big problem easily with helping each other. A collaborative team manager are always encourage their employee to work together. Information, knowledge and time are shared. A good manager always listen their employee issues carefully and try to help them always (Bridges and Molitoris 2014). A collaborative environment always approach to manager to give the feedback, praise and constructive criticism as well, they always share their knowledge among their employee and always coach their team members. Honest and Trustworthy Manager: A trust worthy and good managers most valued in the organization. Trustworthiness and openness is the most important characteristics of manager. The expectations of employee of managers has changed dramatically in past years (Christopher, 2015). Researcher says that to improve the productivity and performance of any organization managers should always keep openness in their workplace. Also managers should win the trust of employee so that they will be feel free to share their issues and problems to the manager. Manager understand the quality system and profitability: The relationship between profitability and amount of input and output are called productivity of product. In management, words productivity is the amount of outcome product from the raw material and the amount of manpower used this ratio are known as productivity (Kadushin and Harkness, 2014). If the amount of raw material and manpower are used less then productivity will be high, so in simple words we can say that productivity is the reciprocal of amount of raw material and manpower used. Profitability is known the revenue after paying all the bills and taxes of the company (Karodia and David, 2016). Profitability is affected by the quality and productivity. Managers also pay the attention towards the costing and the accuracy of result (Ly and Fernandez, 2015). Managers can work under pressure: In an organization there are more work pressure on the mangers head. Managers are unable to cope up with their work, they always struggle hard to achieve the goals. They live in stress they cant take their proper rest even. According to report the causes of stress the constant disturbances, deadlines and pressure of work, less support from subordinates, poor management, politics in offices, the handling changes and always keeping up with emails. To avoid all these challenges managers change their identified issues and a major source of stress. Manager should be always flexible for the working hours and his team too so that they can work without any stress and give commitment towards his work completion. Manager has good commination skills: The position of manager requires a good communication skills in written, verbal etc. Manager must communicate to their employee, suppliers, subordinates and their team members, financiers regarding every issues. Manager should be open up to everyone in a company. Manger plays the role a bridge between the employee or team member and organization (Macalalad et al., 2016.). He is the only chain in organization which connect team members to the company directors, CEO, and the other head of the company. The leadership of managers consist many sub skills which is: Manager have ability to set out the target and achieve on the time. The ability to create plan of action and tells everyone about it among the team, and describe the strategies to achieve the goals. The ability to communicate with team members that who will do the next task. Managers have the ability to raise and appreciate the people for their good job. Managers can give the feedback to their team members whether it is positive or negative, so that it can help them to know where they need to improve (Mariner, 2015). Managers work as the chain between the organization and their team members so that he will be capable to communicate the team and employee if there is any instant changes are in company. Mangers is the only person who always motivate his team to achieve the goal on given time. Categorization of manager job: Condition Priority of Task Roles of Conservative Roles of Creative behavior of Market Strategic Roles Company Roles Full filling the supervising roles Personal Roles Information Roles Conclusion Roles (Source: Simpson, 2014) Conditions: According to criteria it is divide into subparts: Priority of task: Priority of task are divided in to roles of conservation and roles of creative. Priority of task involve the day to day problems of team members faces by the managers, avoid the conflicts in company, development of aspiration and self- realizations. In roles of creative includes mangers self-realizations, expansion of company, which make the dynamic environment of company (Simpson, 2014). Behavior of Market: This element include the three sub-parts which strategic roles, Company roles, Personal Roles. Strategic roles of manager identified the realization of company and fulfillment of its targets. Company roles of mangers accurate the organization functioning according the expectations. Personal roles of manager, he is equals to company symbol. Manager represent the internal and external formalities, matters to the organization. Supervising Roles: Supervising roles are divided into two subparts which is Information roles and conclusion roles. In information roles is the information which is concerned with activity of organization searched by managers are necessary for decision making. Information roles also includes the monitor role and disseminator roles as well (Meez, 2014). In conclusion role all the decision made by the company head the role of manager is to tell about decision and instant changes , roles, responsibilities and new policies to the team members. Key Responsibilities of manager: Project management: It is the vital role of a manager to accept the proposals which will take the organization to achieve all the task. All the projects are taken in budget and completed on time as well the report of cost are properly maintained, also maintain the production within given guideline, profitability, rework of product, maintain the relationship with the team and communicate with them on time to know the progress of work and projects, if required conduct meetings with team members to motivate the team for completion the project on time, also provide the feedback to team for their work and appreciate them also for good work. Scheduling of operations: Always organize the team, and have general oversight on the staff activities, oversee the management of organization, planning and maintain the daily work activities of employee, conducting the meeting of other department of organization as such technical and sales to discuss the on-going project, resources, tools and vehicles etc, check the progress of project with the technical team check the installation and commissioning with client, provide reports on monthly basis of overall activities in the monthly meeting of organization. Technical support team: Responsibilities of manager is provide support to every department of organization and give suitable advice and knowledge to them for the projects, also assist the teams with costing spread sheets give some guidance to them, take feedback from clients for the projects, coordinates with administration to answer the many question as such the equipment failure, business opportunities, sales slip inquires. Strategic Planning: Strategic planning is the main factor of any organization (Simpson, 2014). Manager contribute the planning, strategy and policies of the company among the team members whether it is short term planning or long term planning, maintain the integrity of the place and provide the reviews, provide the future planning and projects to the director and discuss about the growth and creativity of organization, authencity of the accounting system, regularity of employee. Manager are familiar with the all healthy and safety requirements. All the implementation of the projects should be done in proper way. Key Roles of Manager: The general manager is the in charge of all external and internal activity of organization. The regular activities performance checking is the main role of manager, manager also check that account details are up to date or not, represent the organization and act according to the situation and be judgmental whether the case is related to labor, clients, municipal, political or abroad, attend the board of director session or company and always speaks about the rights and represent and discuss the issues of employee in front of them, after discussing the business plan execute it after the approval of board members, prepare and execution of projects on time, issue the certificates to the clients regarding the GSM, prepare annual action plan, designed, maintain the expenses plans of company, overseeing the account plans, legal regulations. Report on time about the plan execution to the board of directors. Perform all the formalities and arrangements for the execution of plan, undersign al l the agreements, documents related to the company and employee, and perform all the financial and banking procedure on time. Transferring money, renewal, approval, pledge, cancel and perform any task, assigning a task to the employee are performed by the manager. Represent the company in public and private sector of market. The role of the manager is to utilize the all technical and production efficiency to meet business goals. The manger hold the position a senior member and experienced member in team. Conclusion: Manager is the important element of an organization he works as the bridge between the employee and the organization. The whole responsibilities regarding the accounts, finance, agreements, plan execution are check by the manager. Manager represent their company in front clients, or in market. Manager is the most senior or experienced person in the team. References: Avineri, N., 2017. Introduction. InResearch Methods for Language Teaching (pp. 1-6). Macmillan Education UK. Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and Nickerson, C.R., 2014.Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Bridges, J.J. and Molitoris, I., 2014. A Living Case Study Project in the Master of Business Administration Program: Making Improvements in Local Organizations. In : (pp. 125-132). Christopher, X., 2015. Master of Business Administration. Hesselbarth, C. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Educating change agents for sustainabilityearnings from the first sustainability management master of business administration.Journal of cleaner production,62, pp.24-36. Kadushin, A. and Harkness, D., 2014.Supervision in social work. Columbia University Press. Karodia, A.M., Soni, D. and David, J.E., 2016. The Relevance of Socrates and Greek Political Theory of the State to Contemporary Master of Business Administration Studies as Enunciated by Plato: Past History and Its Application to the Political Economy of Modern nation States.Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies,5(3), pp.1-30. Ly, C.T.M., Vickers, M.H. and Fernandez, S., 2015. Master of business administratio (MBA) student outcomes in Vietnam: Graduate student insights from a qualitative study.Education+ Training,57(1), pp.88-107. Macalalad, J.A., Buenviaje, M.G., Regalario, G.M. and Laguador, J.M., 2016. Employment Status of Graduates in Post Baccalaureate Degree in Business Administration of one Higher Education Institution in the Philippines.Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences,3(4), pp.17-26. Mariner, D., 2015.Factors that Influence the Outcomes in a Master of BusinessAdministration Program: A Program Evaluation of an MBA Program (Doctoral dissertation, Robert Morris University). Meez, N.L., 2014. Tracer Study of the Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Graduates from 2008-2012.Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences,1(1), pp.14-18. Patel, M.S., Arora, V., Patel, M.S., Kinney, J.M., Pauly, M.V. and Asch, D.A., 2014. The role of MD and MBA training in the professional development of a physician: a survey of 30 years of graduates from the Wharton Health Care Management Program.Academic Medicine,89(9), pp.1282-1286. Simpson, M.S., 2014.Predicting Factors for Success for Master of Education in Counseling and Master of Business Administration Students at State-Supported Institutions in Mississippi. Delta State University. Tsai, M.H. and Sher, C.Y., 2016. Master of Business Administration Program in International Business National Sun .Yat-Sen University Master Thesis.

Melting Pot By Dudley Randall Essays - Literary Criticism

Melting Pot By Dudley Randall Explication of Dudley Randall's "The Melting Pot" An explication is an interpretation of a written work. They differ from person to person in that we all don't interpret things alike. It seems to me that we learned in high school about literature and such was a waste of memorizing and testing because we were taught only "right" answers about written works. There is no right way to interpret an author's work. What they do is leave doors open to make you think about their work. Even a songwriter does the same thing. Songs can be even more difficult to interpret than a poem or story because the first that thing usually attracts us to a song is the music and that is what we concentrate on mostly. Then a question comes about in my mind that why there has to be any answers or meaning to a work. Why can't I just enjoy a poem for the way it sounds when it is read aloud? Why can't I just enjoy a song for the way the words are put together and enjoy the music? It can be fun sometimes to analyze a work and pick out things like wonderful metaphors. I can see where that comes in to literature. What I hate is when I read a really great story and I enjoy it and then I go to class and get hounded for answers and I give them and they're not right because I felt different about a story than someone else. Well, anyway, I'm going to do the best explication I can of Dudley Randall's "The Melting Pot" on page 693. Bartorillo 2 "The Melting Pot" seems to be about anyone and everyone being accepted as Americans except Blacks. The second set of four lines is kind of funny because it gives you several names that sound un-American and when they come to be an American they lose that and use a more American version of their name. Even when people came through Ellis Island they usually took a different name or made theirs shorter to be more American. The next four lines read about a Black man who is unaccepted as an American even though he's been there waiting for it. The poem seems to say that no matter where you're from if you're white you can become a white American no matter what country you're from. It seems to say that we're divided into Whites and Blacks regardless of nationalities. The end of the poem is where Blacks decide that they're going to be who they are and be proud of it and they don't care about being accepted or not. So that was my own interpretation of a poem. Someone else might have another idea about it but that is perfectly okay because our minds work in all different ways.

The Psychology of Thinking and Communication The WritePass Journal

The Psychology of Thinking and Communication Recommendations: The Psychology of Thinking and Communication ). These three exercises help in laying the foundations for learning, and the five key skills of reading and writing (Lloyd, 1992). Jolly Phonics training courses are comprehensive and use literacy skills that are built upon by Jolly Grammar that helps the children to enhance grammar skills (Jolly learning, 2012). If Jolly Phonics is used as a training tool in schools for enhancing reading and writing skills among children, Jolly Grammar and Jolly Readers will have to be used as well. The implementation of these three programs will be  £50,000 annually although this program and technical tool for reading will be of substantial help to teachers and students alike. Evidence and Literature Review: The Jolly Phonics learning programs have been successfully implemented with the collaboration of NGOs and charities such as Absolute Return for Kids. Evidential results from these implementation case studies have shown that the Jolly Phonics and synthetic phonics programs have helped very young children in learning basic literacy skills of writing and reading (Bowey, 2006). Children learn how to form and use these letters quickly and easily (Lloyd, 1992). Along with developing reading skills for the alphabets, with the aid of sounds, children can enhance their new writing skills. The multisensory methods used in Jolly Phonics help the children to blend the sounds together so that they can read and write new words using the sounds of new letters (Jolly learning, 2012). With the sounds of the new words, children use segmentation to identify the association of words and sounds that helps them to improve their spelling (Stuart, 1999). There are some tricky words that use irregular spellings that help the children to learn these spellings and words separately. The tool draws on the findings from learning research as it is known now that reading and writing develop together and reinforce one another. It is also suggested that writing words the way they sound, helps children to read faster. In a report on synthetic phonics used in an East London School for children, the BBC (2005) reported that the method was revolutionary in teaching the basic skills of reading and writing to children using sounds. There is evidence that the program encourages parental involvement and there are beneficial effects of parental praise and encouragement as this helps to improve learning skills. The Jolly Phonics program could help students to develop comprehensive grammar, reading, writing and spelling skills (BBC, 2005). Conclusion: Considering the benefits of this program and the learning skills that the tool helps to achieve, the LEA would be recommended to invest for 3 years before further reappraisal of the project results. The rationale for a three-year investment could be drawn from the fact that Jolly Phonics is most effective for the first three years of learning. With a three year investment from LEA, Jolly Phonics could become a successful technical tool for schools and the results of the implementation of the program have been provided by studies in schools of developing countries already using Jolly Phonics as an effective learning aid. Bibliography and Further Information Adams, M. J. (1990) Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning about Print. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. BBC NEWS (2005),   Trusting Phonics retrieved Feb 26, 2013 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/4584491.stm Bowey, Judith A. (2006). Need for systematic synthetic phonics teaching within the early reading curriculum. Australian Psychologist, 41(2), 79-84 Johnston, Rhona S. Watson Joyce (1997). Jolly Phonics is research based Systematic/Synthetic Phonics. Article. Literacy Learning Magazine, Autumn issue. Jolly learning (2012) Teaching literacy with Jolly Phonics. Retrieved February 26th 2013 from http://jollylearning.co.uk/overview-about-jolly-phonics/ Lloyd, Sue, 1992. The Jolly Phonics Handbook. Jolly Learning Ltd. Essex, United Kingdom Stuart, Moral (1999). Getting ready for reading: Early phoneme awareness and phonics teaching improves reading and spelling in inner-city second language learners. British Journal of Educational Psychology. The British Psychological Society, 69, 587–605 References BBC NEWS (2005),   Trusting Phonics retrieved Feb 26, 2013 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/4584491.stm Bowey, J.A. (2006). Need for systematic synthetic phonics teaching within the early reading curriculum. Australian Psychologist, 41(2), 79-84 Jolly learning (2012) Teaching literacy with Jolly Phonics. Retrieved February 26th 2013 from http://jollylearning.co.uk/overview-about-jolly-phonics/ Lloyd, S, (1992). The Jolly Phonics Handbook. Jolly Learning Ltd. Essex, United Kingdom Stuart, M. (1999). Getting ready for reading: Early phoneme awareness and phonics teaching improves reading and spelling in inner-city second language learners. British Journal of Educational Psychology. The British Psychological Society, 69, 587–605

Charge of the Light Brigade

How far do Sources 1 and 2 challenge the impression of the Charge of the Light Brigade given in Source 3? The Charge of the Light Brigade was started by an order given by Lord Raglan to charge. It last half an hour and 113 men were killed. Source 3 is a ‘recalling’ of the brutality of the Charge of the Light Brigade. It shows the perspective of someone watching the battle rather than taking part so is therefore limited. Although, it is still useful as is written by a witness who saw it happen at the time of the event. There are various features of source 1 and 2 that challenge source 3’s impression of the Charge of the Light Brigade. For example, source 1 portrays the appearance of only Russian soldiers and of the English look triumphant. Whereas source 3 states ‘our men tried to drag their mangled bodies’ giving the impression that many were badly injured. Source 2 challenges source 3 by saying ‘right thro’ the line they broke’ this gives the impression the English troops managed to get onto Russian ground and shows them as more successful than stated in source. In addition source 2 agrees with source 1 in this sense as can be seen in the picture, the English soldiers have reached the Russians and the Russians are made to look weak. Source 2 however is limited as is written as a poem, so may be dramatized to add effect and make to it more interesting to read. Also the information included in the poem was written on the Isle of Weight after hearing Russell’s report so is very limited. Despite the various things that challenge source 3 in source 2 and 1 there are also many things that agree with it. When looking at the cartoon in source 1 it appears to disagree with source 3, however looking at the provenance may change this opinion. It was published in the magazine ‘Punch’ which was a teasing and dramatizing newspaper. It was also only one month after the Charge of the Light Brigade and everyone knew how badly the English had performed. It appears to pick fun at Lord Cardigan and blame him for the loss that day. Source 3 and 2 also agree that a lot of men were badly injured or killed that day. This is seen when source 2 states ‘Then they rode back, but not not this six hundred’ the emphasis on the not shows that nowhere near six hundred of them rode back. In source 3 this is shown when Sergeant-Major Timothy Gowing states ‘but few escaped. ’ Source 2 agrees with source 3 when it states the soldiers were ‘shatter’d and sunder’d. ’ This coincides with the image of the soldiers having to ‘drag their mangled bodies’ the word drag shows exhaustion and that they used every last bit of energy to try and escape the battle field. In conclusion, source 1 and 2 mainly agree with the image of the Charge of the Light Brigade portrayed in source 3. Source 1 is making fun of Lord Cardigan and how terribly wrong the whole situation went so is a lot less serious than the other 2 sources. They all however give the image of the battle being a bloody, ‘brutal’ one in which many lives were lost. Source 3 was written 41 years after this shows the charge still has an impact years later and people still do not know the full truth.

Internal Memorandum of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internal Memorandum of Law - Essay Example Owen and Dolly Jones, owners of the campground does not have any security, lifeguards, or the proper posting of safety precautions available despite its years of operation because it is a mom and pop ownership and the funds were unavailable. The morning after their arrival, they all went to breakfast to a restaurant while waiting to go swimming at the pool which opened at 10:00 a.m. The girls left early to get ready to go to the pool while Tamera’s parent stayed at the restaurant drinking alcoholic beverages. Tamera’s parents told them to get ready for the pool and wait for their arrival. After twenty to thirty minutes had passed, the parents still have not showed. The girls decided to go ahead and go swimming without supervision. The girls entered the pool at 9:30 a.m. They ignored the sign posted at the pool which states that the pool will only open at 10:00 a.m. Due to Shayla’s dyslexia, she was unable to comprehend the sign. After Tamera had entered the pool first nearly injuring herself, she yelled something out but Shayla did not hear. Shayla dove in the pool. She hit the bottom and broke her arm. After Tamera had pulled Shayla to the side of the pool and save her from drowning, the Owens arrived and then called an ambulance company for their services. Shortly after the ambulance arrived, Tamera’s parents arrived back at the campground and then Shayla was taken to a hospital were she was treated. Mary has incurred medical bills from Shayla’s accident. The current estimates of medical bills that have been incurred are $8,000.00 and will be incurring more bills for future medical treatment and physical therapy sessions. The Attractive Nuisance Doctrine which was applied in numerous cases involving swimming pool liabilities states that the owner of the land or property may be held liable for the injuries sustained by a child-plaintiff while in the said property, if the property imposed a condition or situation which attracted the child and caused

Business Performance of Specsavers Research Paper

Business Performance of Specsavers - Research Paper Example On the marketing front, Specsavers pioneered a slew of industry standards. For example, it was the first company to start a debt scheme for contact lenses along with free home delivery. This initiative changed the way a customer financed her eye care purchases. Specsavers’ advertising campaigns were perfectly designed to strongly communicate the special features offered by Specsavers. The â€Å"Should've has gone to Specsavers† campaign reinforced the superior services offered by Specsavers. One of the most important USPs of Specsavers was its great value-for-money positioning. Due to economies of scale, it could negotiate better prices with its vendors, and then passed on savings to its customers. Specsavers offered 2 for 1 glass at  £75, an offer that has been very successful. Specsavers also targeted market niches by offering special pricing for its products/services. For example, Senior citizens (over 60 years) were offered a massive 30% discount on glasses. However, the most revolutionary innovation was on the products/services domain. Prior to the arrival of Specsavers, this industry was served by small chains or independent opticians. While these chains offered low-cost services, there was an enormous room for improvement in their services. Those providing high-quality services were costlier & often charged a high premium. Specsavers’ new partnership model brought together for the first time, the best practices of retailing & service delivery concepts along with the best available opticians, but at a much competitive price. While Specsavers offered their partners a range of business support services like accounting, marketing etc, the frontline opticians were free to do what they did the best. The opticians, hence, could concentrate on delivering their best services to the consumers. On the product front, they  pioneered innovations like offering varifocal glasses. Specsavers offered the option of returning ‘varifocal’ glasses (some people take time to adjust to these) within a period of 30 days from purchase.

Mehta Automobiles Essay Example for Free

Mehta Automobiles Essay In 1980, Mr. Sanat Mehta joined Standard Automobiles of Ahmedabad as a mechanic. In appreciation of his excellent work, he was soon promoted to the post of chief mechanic. Mr. Mehta’s professional ability, his pleasing manners and sense of responsibility endeared him to the customers of Standard Automobiles to such an extent that some of them persuaded him to commence his own automobile repair workshop. One of them persuaded him to commence his own automobile repair workshop. One customer, Mr. Nitin Shah offered to rent a part of his godown situated in a busy street of Ahmedabad city. Another customer, Mr. Mohan Kapoor, the local manager of a large bank mentioned that a loan of up to Rs. 100,000 could be made available to him under the scheme for financing small business. After some discussion with members of his family, Mr. Mehta decided to commence an automobile service and repairs workshop under the name of Mehta Automobiles. For this purpose, he invested Rs. 50,000 from his past savings and accepted Mr. Shah’s and Mr. Kapoor’s offers. A part of the amount was deposited in the bank in the name of Mehta Automobiles. The enterprise had a good start, thanks to the patronage of some old customers of Standard Automobiles. Mr. Mehta publicized his operations by displaying cinema slides in selected local cinemas and soon his workshop became well known in that area. In the beginning, Mr. Mehta did all the work of the mechanic, helped by two assistants recruited at the time of the commencement of the business. Soon he added a spare parts selling section to his business as this was quite a profitable associated activity. In this, he was helped by his son Mr. Rajendra Mehta who also assisted him in collection of cash from debtors. During his service at Standard Automobiles, Mr. Mehta had come to know very well some wholesalers of service materials, such as tools, stores and spare parts. This helped him in buying such material on credit. However, most of the other purchases particularly spare parts and practically all his sales were on cash basis. Because of the relatively small extent of credit transactions, Mr. Mehta had not thought of maintaining formal accounting records, as he had felt that increases in cash balance would adequately indicate the profit earned by him. All cash received was deposited in the bank account, and expenses and payments were recorded in a notebook. Mr. Mehta occasionally experienced some difficulty in recording transactions which did not result in direct sales. For instance, when his personal car was overhauled, involving considerable use of his mechanics’ time as well as spare parts costing about Rs. 15000 he was not sure how it should be recorded. He finally decided that since the garage was owned by him no adjustments need be made for this transaction. Rapid expansion of his business compelled Mr. Mehta to hire four new assistants and two mechanics. He also recruited a part-time salesman for spare parts selling. Mr. Mehta continued to attend personally to purchases, collections and other administrative aspects of business. A small section of the workshop premises was set apart for office purposes. The office was simply furnished with a table, three chairs, a filing cabinet and also a telephone. Spare parts, stores, tools etc. , and other supplies which were formerly stored in a small room at his residence, were now stored in steel racks in a section of the workshop. Mr. Mehta soon came across and advertisement that appeared in the local newspaper. A well-known automobile company of Bombay was looking for a good automobiles service shop owner, who would be willing take up the sole selling agency of their cars and spare parts in Gujarat. Mr. Mehta applied for this agency as he was advised by his friends in business circles that such an agency would be a profitable proposition. However, he was puzzled by two conditions which were imposed in awarding this agency. According to the first condition, the agent had to obtain a certificate from his bank to the effect that a minimum balance of Rs. 500,000 was maintained in the business account. Secondly, the agent was required to send to the principal, periodic statements showing the current financial position of the business and the business results in the immediate past period. Mr. Mehta was duly assigned the sole selling agency for the Gujarat on the basis of excellent reports received by the principal from local businessmen. For fulfilling the first condition, Mr. Mehta saw Mr. Kapoor, the Bank agent. After discussions with Mr. Mehta, the Bank agent agreed to grant Mr. Mehta a further loan of Rs. 500,000. He asked Mr. Mehta, to submit a statement showing the current position of his business so that he could process the loan application. Mr. Mehta mentioned that so far he had not maintained any regular accounts. The maintenance of such records required specialized knowledge which he did not possess and he felt hiring an accountant would increase his costs which he could not afford in his competitive business situation. Mr. Kapoor said that systematic accounting records would be a necessity, if Mr. Mehta wanted to expand his business and fulfill the operational requirements like bank borrowing, credit purchases as well as legal requirements to payment of tax. The same evening Mr. Mehta saw Mr. Ashok Lal, a friend who was the Chief Accountant of a local textile mill. He expressed to Mr. Lal his desire to start keeping systematic accounting records and requested him to prepare for him a statement showing the assets and liabilities of his business. He also supplied to Mr. Lal the necessary information to enable him to prepare the required statement. Mr. Lal also explained to Mr. Mehta how a â€Å"Profit and Loss Analysis† could be prepared so that Mr. Mehta could be more accurately measure the results of his business performance. He prepared a list of various statements that Mr. Mehta should arrange to obtain periodically from his subordinates for maintaining his accounting records. Questions for consideration 1. Mr. Mehta mentioned that. i) he could not have systematic accounting records because he did not possess specialized accounting skill; and ii) keeping such records would mean increase in costs, which he could not afford. How would you respond to these comments? 2. What information would Mr. Lal require for preparing the financial statement? 3. What items would you expect to find in the statements of financial position and profit and loss analysis relating to Mr. Mehta’s business? 4. What records would Mr. Mehta require to maintain for controlling his business activities?

Free Raisin in the Sun Essays: A Happy Ending :: Raisin Sun essays

A Happy Ending for A Raisin in the Sun    A Raisin in the Sun is about a black family stuggling through family and economic hardships. The story ended as the head of the family Walter took control, became a family man, and rejected an offer from a white businessman to stay out of a white neighborhood and to stay with all blacks. This offer disgusted the Younger family and hurt their black pride. I would like in my own words to continue this story as I see it fit to occur. Three changes I would make would be is Walter is forced to take action against segregation, the grandmother passing away, and how the blacks finally became accepted and began to enjoy and be proud of where they live.    As the Younger family moves themselves into a white suburban neighborghood the whites in the community are upset that they have come to be with them. Their direct neighbors who have a son that is Travis's age no longer lets her son play with Travis and he become hurt and confused. Walter has to explain that many people that are white beleive that they are better then those who are black. Travis who is stay in dismay and is confused waits at home while Walter goes over to the neighbors house to talk to them about what has happened. Walter is, in good reason, very angry and annoyed by the racist whites. He goes over and at first tries his best to stay calm over the situation. The white father then says, "Listen, if I ever see your son with mine, I will througth that little black spoiled brat back into your yard." Walter becomes enraged and hits the man directly in the face as hard as he can. This brings an upraw amongst the Youngers and the entire community. Thus bringing the whites, even those who weren't before, totally against the Younger family. After the eventual calming down of the community and the lowering of racial tensions of the blacks against the whites, grandma Ruth who paid her own $10,000 for the house they live in dies in her sleep, but in the hapiness of knowing her family can get along by themselves. Free Raisin in the Sun Essays: A Happy Ending :: Raisin Sun essays A Happy Ending for A Raisin in the Sun    A Raisin in the Sun is about a black family stuggling through family and economic hardships. The story ended as the head of the family Walter took control, became a family man, and rejected an offer from a white businessman to stay out of a white neighborhood and to stay with all blacks. This offer disgusted the Younger family and hurt their black pride. I would like in my own words to continue this story as I see it fit to occur. Three changes I would make would be is Walter is forced to take action against segregation, the grandmother passing away, and how the blacks finally became accepted and began to enjoy and be proud of where they live.    As the Younger family moves themselves into a white suburban neighborghood the whites in the community are upset that they have come to be with them. Their direct neighbors who have a son that is Travis's age no longer lets her son play with Travis and he become hurt and confused. Walter has to explain that many people that are white beleive that they are better then those who are black. Travis who is stay in dismay and is confused waits at home while Walter goes over to the neighbors house to talk to them about what has happened. Walter is, in good reason, very angry and annoyed by the racist whites. He goes over and at first tries his best to stay calm over the situation. The white father then says, "Listen, if I ever see your son with mine, I will througth that little black spoiled brat back into your yard." Walter becomes enraged and hits the man directly in the face as hard as he can. This brings an upraw amongst the Youngers and the entire community. Thus bringing the whites, even those who weren't before, totally against the Younger family. After the eventual calming down of the community and the lowering of racial tensions of the blacks against the whites, grandma Ruth who paid her own $10,000 for the house they live in dies in her sleep, but in the hapiness of knowing her family can get along by themselves.

Heb Is the Best Store

H-E-B H-E-B is a popular grocery store in the community of Houston, TX. There are many aspects of H-E-B that appeal to the consumers in my area. Some good qualities of H-E-B are competitive pricing, friendly customer service, cleanliness, and a large variety of products. These positive qualities all come together to provide the consumer with an enjoyable shopping experience. H-E-B, which stands for Howard E. Butt, first began in as a small, family-owned store in 1905 in Kerrville, TX. Now H-E-B serves over 155 communities and has over 340 grocery stores throughout Texas and Mexico.H-E-B is one of the largest and most successful independently owned retailers nationwide. Their commitment to good service, low prices, and friendly shopping has benefited them well. You know when you shop at H-E-B, you will find great sales and fair pricing. They offer many in-store coupons and Buy One, Get One Free deals. They also offer a Meal Deal every week. In a Meal Deal, you buy an item and then get many items free! This week you get noodles, pasta sauce, and Italian soda for free when you buy frozen meatballs and shredded Parmesan cheese. Many people love to shop at H-E-B because they save a lot of money.When you shop at H-E-B, you can expect to receive friendly customer service. When you walk around the store, you get to try free samples of foods. They pay their employees well and always have enough people working. H-E-B is rarely understaffed. As a result, H-E-B manages to avoid having long lines a checkout. They also train their employees well, meaning they can provide knowledgeable assistance to their customers. Happy employees make happy customers. H-E-B keeps their stores very clean at all times. They offer antibacterial wipes at the entrance so you can wipe the shopping carts and remove the germs from previous customers.The bathrooms are always clean and smelling good. The merchandise is organized nicely and kept updated. Due to a high volume of shoppers, the products on the shelves are always fresh and not out-of-date. H-E-B offers a Freshness Guarantee for all of its products. This means that if you find an outdated product, you can bring it to the register and get the same item (not outdated) for free. H-E-B offers their customers a wide variety of foods and products. They have a bakery, a butcher, a pharmacy, a floral department, a healthy living department, a deli, and even a sushi chef!The produce department has conventional fruits and vegetables as well as organic and unusual types. They have a huge variety of cheeses, meats, bakery items, processed foods, and even ready-to-eat foods. A consumer can easily try something new every time they shop at H-E-B. You can drop by H-E-B and buy some sushi, some bananas, and even flowers for you mother! All these positive qualities about H-E-B come together to give the customer a pleasant and profitable shopping experience. These qualities are some of the reasons that H-E-B is the most popular grocery store in the community of Houston, TX.

Push and Pull Strategy Essay

Push Strategy A â€Å"push† promotional strategy makes use of a company’s sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. A good example of â€Å"push† selling is mobile phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Carphone Warehouse. Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia – for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A â€Å"push† strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other distribution channels (e.g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advertising are the most likely promotional tools. Pull Strategy A â€Å"pull† selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of children’s’ toys – mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its new pre-school program – the Fimbles. Aimed at two to four-year-olds, 130 episodes of Fimbles have been made and are featured everyday on digital children’s channel CBeebies and BBC2. As part of the promotional campaign, the BBC has agreed a deal with toy maker Fisher-Price to market products based on the show, which it hopes will emulate the popularity of the Tweenies. Under the terms of the deal, Fisher-Price will develop, manufacture and distribute a range of Fimbles products including soft, plastic and electronic learning toys for the UK and Ireland. In 2001, BBC Worldwide (the commercial division of the BBC) achieved sales of  £90m from its children’s brands and properties last year. The demand created from broadcasting of the Fimbles and a major advertising campaign is likely to â€Å"pull† demand from children and encourage retailers to stock Fimbles toys in the stores for Christmas 2002. Difference Between Push And Pull Strategy Push marketing is when you use various activities to get your message in front of your ideal client. The marketer is in control of what the message is, how it is seen, when and where. Marketing activities that encourage your prospect to seek you out and find out whether you have something of value to offer them. Pull marketing activities build relationships and can include blogging, podcasting, article marketing and networking (both on and offline). Pull marketing uses the law of attraction, incorporating all the components of your personal brand to attract and retain these people as your biggest fans. Pull marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies that are meant to entice the prospect to buy your product or service. Some classic examples are â€Å"half off!† or â€Å"bring in this coupon to save 25%† or â€Å"buy one get one free†, etc. With pull marketing, you are trying to create a sense of increased, time limited value so that the customer will come into your store to buy. Pull is not about pulling consumers in; it’s about giving consumers a reason to pull us in. Remember truism #1 – they’re in control; they (not we) decide where they go and what they experience. We’ve lost the right to pull consumers anywhere (if we ever really had that right at all.) Pull means that we to go to them, join their communities, give them reasons to voluntarily draw us into their personal media experiences. We’re not interrupting them. They’re opting into us.

Justinian DBQ essays

Justinian DBQ essays Emperor Justinian revived the Byzantine empire through his military triumphs, legal work, ecclesiastical polity and architectural activity and creating the Justinian Code. He was the sixth century emperor, and the only one who established an aristocracy by choosing men of humble birth as his closest advisors; for he wanted to work with honest and true people. His inner craving caused him to aggressively expand the empire and restore the Byzantine Empire to the prosperity comparable to the original Roman Empire. Justinians conquests expanded Byzantine to expand the empire all across the Mediterranean. His armies invaded the Vandal, Ostrogothic, and Visigothic kingdoms in turn, and, in a series of bitter wars, he reconquered much of the Mediterranean lands of the West (Document 6). Justinians campaigns extended territory to its largest size ever for the Byzantine Empire. Justinian also created many new cities to revive Byzantine (Document 1). These cities together had high upkeeps and problems with the government of these areas became very difficult and unorganized. Justinian was also an incredible architect; many of the most amazing buildings in Byzantine were build in hi time. He built the Hagia Sophia Church of the Holy Wisdom a church that is still standing today in Constantinople. Citizens of the Byzantine were awestruck by its immense size and amazing detail. Procopious describes the Hagia Sophia as the epitome of God, and the work of God. (Document 4). Justinians motivation for the building of the Hagia Sophia may have arisen from his desire to use religion to unite his citizens. Aristotle in fact had the greatest influence on this religious aspect. Aristotles model of the universe, presented the new idea of a monotheistic god. Although, Aristotles science concepts were never correct, his influence on religion was profound. The people believed Aristotle, and never questioned his fals...

The causes of drug abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The causes of drug abuse - Essay Example al abuse, and emotional abuse/neglect in childhood, is a significant risk factor for many psychiatric disorders later in life, such as substance abuse†(Wang et al., p.1). Bitter life experiences are the major motivating factor for drug abuse. It is not necessary that a person starts drug abuse immediately after he suffers a painful experience. In many cases, bitter childhood experiences such as sexual abuse, lack of parental care etc can generate drug abuse like antisocial behaviors later in the life of a person. Physical as well as psychological problems can cause drug abuse. People with chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV, etc quite often take shelter in drug abuse to forget about the physical and mental pain caused by their diseases. Strained relationships and destruction of love affairs or dating relationships can also cause drug abuse like behavioral problems. Some people believe that drug uses can stimulate sexual energy. People, who are sexually impotent, often try to make use of drugs to improve their sexual energy or capabilities. Narcotic drugs create good feelings. There is the initial euphoric sensation that comes with taking the drug, and then there is the secondary effect associated with the type of drug used. If it is a stimulant, the initial euphoria is followed by inflated feelings of self-confidence and abundant energy; if it is a depressant, then the initial euphoria is followed by satisfaction and relaxation† (Ho). Unemployment, poverty and lack of living standards etc are other reasons for drug abuse. Nobody likes to lead a life in poverty. Everybody wants to lead a lavish life. Failure to get proper employment or raising the living standard often generates frustrations in the minds of the people. These frustrations often lead them towards drug abuse like behaviors. Improper knowledge about certain medicines or drugs often causes drug abuse. For example, marijuana is a controversial drug because of the arguments in favor and against it

Staphylococcus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Staphylococcus - Research Paper Example The different species prove to be dangerous because they show resistance towards methicillin and other potent antibiotics (Acton, 2012, pg.38). Incidence of a disease is defined as risk of contracting a disease. Hence various studies have been conducted to assess the incidence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. There was a dramatic increase in the number of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus cases in the late 1990s in America. The strain was seen to cause infections in children who were not at risk. The children had not had recent hospitalization, surgery, injection infusion nor had they resided in a medical facility for a long time. Four fatal pediatric cases also emerged between 1996 and 1999. This raised questions. The methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus could be acquired in the community, and this also suggested that a new strain of the bacterium was present which differed from the already present strain in hospital settings (Song et al, 2013, pg. 69). The epidemiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus is continuously changing due to its capability to resist. This trait makes it hard to treat these infections. Hence regular surveillance studies are held to assess the status of disease. Surveillance studies from 1990s indicated an increase in the incidence of MRSA infections. The role of surveillance studies is to lower morbidity, mortality and incidence of disease (Meija et al, 2015, pg. 79). Methicillin resistance is a universal problem but is more prevalent in countries where use of antibiotics is high. American and China have the highest rate of antibiotic consumption and hence face the most cases of methicillin resistance (Tisserand, 2015, pg. 20). The normal bacterial flora of humans includes S. aureus often. Studies indicate that the organism is present in the nasal colonization of the adult population. Staphylococcus aureus